《ELISA技术在马铃薯病毒检测中的应用》-毕业论文.doc

黑龙江东方学院 本 科 生 毕 业 论 文（设 计） ELISA技术在马铃薯病毒检测中的应用 学 部 食品与环境工程学部 专 业 食品科学与工程 姓 名 学 号 班 级 指导教师 答辩日期 年5月24日 ELISA技术在马铃薯病毒检测中的应用 摘 要 随着科学技术的不断发展，马铃薯病毒检测技术在日益的完善，DAS-ELISA法已经成为马铃薯病毒检测的常规方法。容易侵染马铃薯的病毒类型主要有六种，分别是马铃薯的PVX，PVY，PLRV，PVS，PVM，PVA病毒。马铃薯在生长的过程中，因受到各种不同病害的侵染，容易造成减产和退化。 血清学技术是病毒检测的主要手段，免疫家兔制备血清，并提取免疫球蛋白（IgG）作为反应的抗体，应用血清学技术检测马铃薯病毒是基于抗原（病毒颗粒）与其特异性抗体在离体条件下产生专一性反应的原理。 检测结果表明：双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附法（DAS-ELISA）是最为灵敏的血清学技术之一，检测马铃薯病毒具有操作简单，适用性强，准确性好，直观等优点；硝酸纤维素膜酶联免疫吸附法（NCM-ELISA）法具有造价低，反应特异性强，灵敏度较高等优点，很适合于小型企业做病毒检测工作。 关键词：马铃薯病毒；血清学技术；双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附法 ELISA technology applied in potato virus detection Abstract With the increasing development of science and technology, the method of potato virus detecton has been improved a lot. DAS-ELISA method has already become regular and common. Those virus that can easily infect potatos include potato virus PVX，PVY，PLRV，PVS，PVM，PVA. Thus, during the long term growing period of potatos, they are easy to catch various deseases, and gradually decrease the production and cause degradation. Serologic method is a main way to detect potato viruses. We can make rabbit immune to that kind of virus and prepare the serum and then extrct immunoglobulin (IgG)as the antibody. We can put that into practice because the potato viruses can only work on the basis of single reaction between the antigen(also called virus particles) and their specific antibodies. The expeiments show that Double Antibody Sandwich Elisa (DAS-ELISA) is one of the most sensitive serology technology, which has lots of advantages such as easy to operate, great adaptablity, perfect accuracy, direct viewing and so on. Besides, NCM-ELISA needs low price, but has strong reacting specificity and high sensitivity. Very suitable for small businesses to do the work of virus detection. Keywords: potato virus; Serological techniques; Double Antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay. 目