Abrardo2005_Chapter_Trellis-CodedRationalDitherMod-学术期刊.pdf

Trellis-Coded Rational Dither Modulation for Digital Watermarking 1 1 2 2 A. Abrardo , M. Barni , F. P´erez-Gonz´alez , and C. Mosquera 1 Department of Information Engineering, University of Siena, Italy {abrardo, barni}@dii.unisi.it 2 Department Teor´ıa de la Se˜nal y Comunicaciones, ETSI Telecom, Universidad de Vigo, Spain {fperez, mosquera}@tsc.uvigo.es Abstract. Rational Dither Modulation has been proposed as an effec- tive QIM watermarking algorithm which is robust against value-metric scaling. Invariance is obtained by quantizing a rational function of the host features instead of the features themselves. In this paper we propose a vector extension of the basic RDM scheme. Specifically, a sequence of feature ratios is quantized vectorially with the aid of a properly designed dirty trellis code. A fast sub-optimum embedding algorithm is proposed ensuring fast watermark insertion and good distortion properties. Prelim- inary results show that a significant advantage is obtained with respect to conventional RDM. 1 Introduction Till its very introduction [1] QIM watermarking has proved to greatly outperform the older spread spectrum algorithms. At the same time, it has been immediately apparent that practical implementations of QIM, such as SCS or ST-DM [1,2], had a main drawback in their vulnerability against valuemetric scaling: it only needs that the features hosting the watermark are multiplied by an unknown gain factor ρ to compromise the possibility of correctly reading the watermark [3]. This is a serious problem, since in most cases multiplication by a constant gai