[精品]高中英语定语从句全面详细讲解.docVIP

. 定语从句 一 定义及相关术语 1．定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的词之后。2．先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。3．关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。 关系词有关系代词和关系副词。 关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有when, where, why等 ?The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman. 注意：弄清楚关系词在定语从句中充当什么成分，是掌握定语从句、选择好关系词的关键。 二 关系代词引导的定语从句 1. who??指人，在定语从句中作主语。The?boys?who?are?playing?football?are?from?Class?One.????正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。Yesterday?I?helped?an?old?man?who?had?lost?his?way.??????昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。That?is?the?teacher?who?teaches?us?physics.?????? ??那就是教我们物理的老师。 2. whom??指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略，在口语或非正式文体中常可用who?来代替。 Li?Ming?is?just?the?boy (whom) I?want?to?see.??????李明正是我想要见的男孩。 The?professor (whom) you?are?waiting?for?has?come.??????你正在等的教授已经来了。The?girl (whom) the?teacher?often?praises?is?our?monitor.????老师经常表扬的那个女孩是我们的班长。 which?指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。 Football?is?a?game?which?is?liked?by?most?boys.???足球是大多数男孩所喜欢的运动。He?likes?to?read?books?which?are?written?by?foreign?writers.???他喜欢外国作家写的书。This?is?the?pen (which) he?bought?yesterday.???这是他昨天买的钢笔。The?film?(which)?they?went?to?see?last?night?was?not?interesting?at?all.???他们昨晚看的电影一点意思也没有。 4. that?指人时，相当于who?或whom；指物时，相当于which.。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。 He is the man that/who lives next door. 他就是住在隔壁的那个人。 Where?is?the?man (that/whom) I?saw?this?morning????我今天早上看到的那个人在哪儿？The?person (that/whom) you?introduced?to?me?is?very?kind.???你介绍给我的那个人很友好。The?season?that/which?comes?after?spring?is?summer.???春天之后的季节是夏季。I don’t like stories that/which have unhappy endings. 我不喜欢结尾悲伤的故事。 The dress (that/which) Ann bought doesn’t fit her very well. 安买的衣服不太合身。 5. whose??指人、物皆可，与后面的名词有所属关系，在定语从句中做定语。 I?visited?a?scientist?whose?name?is?known?all?over?the?country.?我拜访了一个全国知名的科学家。He?has?a?friend?whose?father?is?a?doctor.???他有一个爸爸当医生的朋友。I?once?lived?in?the?house?whose?roof?has?fallen?in.???我曾经住在那幢屋顶已经倒塌了的房子里。注意：指物时，常用以下结构来代替：The house whose windows are broken is empty. The house the windows of which are broken is empty. Do?you?like?the?book?whose?cover?is?yel