论「新闻自由」理念和实践平行线.PDF

摘要 本研究從回顧文獻與分析司法判案，確認「理念的新聞自由」與「實踐的新聞自由」 之間頗具落差。分析 1999-2005 年間媒體因報導而被訴的司法判決個案，發現：（1）在初 審及二審中，媒體勝訴的比率皆近乎六成； （2 ）由檢察官提起公訴的案件，媒體敗訴的比 率為 100% ；（3 ）媒體被控民事侵權損害賠償的訟案最多（54% ），其次為刑事的妨害名譽 罪及誹謗罪（ 33% ）。 司法機關及社會大眾應可認知到新聞自由的理念與實踐落差日趨加大，愈來愈多媒體 報導假「新聞自由」之名，實則為了提升銷量、獲取利潤，因而法官在裁定民事訴訟之侵 權損害告訴時，判決媒體敗訴的案例愈來愈多，顯然想警惕媒體匡正新聞自由之理念，讓 全社會有機會重新省思新聞自由的意涵。 關鍵字： 新聞自由、誹謗罪、媒體與司法判決 Abstract In this study, the ideal of freedom of the press and the practice of freedom of the press were analyzed and contrasted by examining judicial cases of the press during the period of 1999-2005. Several findings were made in this study. (1) In local courts and provincial courts, the press won respectively almost 60% of the cases. (2) When the accusing party was public prosecutor, the press lost 100% of the cases. (3) Prosecutions were made in the name of privacy invasion in 54% of the cases and defamation in 33% of the cases. It appears that the judicial system and the general public are becoming more aware of the gap between the freedom of the press in practice and in the ideal. More and more mass media abuse the freedom of the press to promote sales. Hence, there is an increasing number of prosecuted cases of media violation of civil rights in the court of law. This development in the legal cases against media can serve as a warning sign to the media workers and the general public for