大型桥梁缆索的无损检测技术研究-测试计量技术及仪器专业论文.docx

南京航空航天大学硕士学位论文 南京航空航天大学硕士学位论文 大型桥梁缆索的无损检测技术研究 大型桥梁缆索的无损检测技术研究 I I II II 摘 要 现代工业社会中，大型桥梁缆索的安全运行显得尤为重要。针对大型桥梁缆索，本文分别采 用了 X 射线数字成像检测技术和电磁超声无损检测技术对其进行组合探伤，实现缺陷的定性和 定量信息的检测。 本文构建了 LDR-02 型 X 射线数字成像系统，对被测试件进行不同方向的图像采集。由于 X 射线图像的特点，故排除噪声干扰、改善图像观测效果是 X 射线数字成像检测的最基础的工作。 本文采用了图像去噪、图像增强等图像预处理的方法进行研究，并且根据被测试件周期性的特点， 提出了一种缺陷识别提取的方法。根据缺陷区域统计的像素个数，确定缺陷的面积大小及深度信 息。实验结果表明，此算法可以较好地确定缺陷的大小。但 X 射线数字成像技术的定量准确率 与拍摄角度有很大的关系。为此，本文还采用了电磁超声无损检测方法。本文在搭建的电磁超声 检测系统的平台上，设计了 EMAT 换能器及阻抗匹配电路以激发实际需要的超声波。采用互相 关分析对发射信号和接收信号进行分析研究，确定缺陷信息。 关键词：桥梁缆索，无损检测，图像处理，缺陷，定量计算 ABSTRACT In the modern industrial society, the safe operation of large-scale bridge cables is very important. In this paper, we use the technology of X-ray digital imaging testing and electromagnetic ultrasonic testing to defect the detection of qualitative and quantitative information. In order to detect bridge cables, we acquire different directions of the image on the basis of the LDR-02 X-ray digital imaging system. Because of the characteristics of the X-ray image, it’s the most basic work to eliminate noise interference and improve the image effect. In this paper, we mainly study the image denoising and image enhancement methods of image preprocessing. According to the characteristics of items being tested, a defect recognition extraction method is brought up. We can determine the defect size according to the number of pixels in the defect regional. Experimental results show that the algorithm can determine the defect size well. But the accuracy of X-ray digital imaging technology has a great relation with the angle. To this end, we also use another non-destructive testing method—electromagnetic ultrasonic nondestructive testing. We design EMAT transducer and impedance matching circuit to stimulate the ultrasound in the platform of electromagnetic ultrasonic testing system. We make a Cross-correlation analysis with emission signals and receiving signals to determine the information of the defects further. Keywords：the cables of bridg