《大孔材料二氧化铈的制备》-毕业论文设计.docxVIP

大孔材料二氧化铈的制备 摘要：三维有序大孔材料具有均一有序的大孔孔道，在催化剂、催化剂载体、吸附分离及光子晶体等领域有着广阔的应用前景。本论文以St?ber 法为基础，采用乙醇作溶剂，通过正硅酸四乙酯在氨水催化下水解缩聚得到了SiO2微球，用电子显微镜对样品的形貌和粒度进行了表征。实验表明通过改变TEOS以及氨水的加入量，制得的SiO2微球具有不同粒径。利用单分散SiO2胶态晶体球为模板，合成三维有序CeO2大孔材料。X-射线衍射证实产物是立方相CeO2，扫描电子显微镜来表征产物的形貌、孔的大小和精细结构。由于反应物简单，三维有序大孔材料的产量高，该方法可能成为低成本、工业化生产三维有序大孔材料的制备方法。 关键词：二氧化硅纳米微球；溶胶-凝胶法；三维有序大孔材料；模板技术；催化； Controlled synthesis of three-dimensionally ordered cerium oxide macroporous materials Abstract: Three-dimemionally ordered maeroporous materials possessing a uniform pore size and well-defined periodic structure were expected to have advanced applications, such as catalysts, catalytic supports, adsorbents, separation materials and photonic crystals. In this paper, based on St?ber method, monodispersed silicon dioxide nanospheres were prepared by hydrolysis of tetraethoxy-silicane (TEOS) in alcohol-water mixed solvents using ammonia as a catalyst. The diameters of the silicon dioxide nanospheres could be tuned by controlling the growth parameters such as the concentration of reactant and the time of reaction. The three-dimensionally ordered cerium oxide macroporous materials was synthesized using silica nanospheres as sacrificial templates. The X-ray powder diffraction pattern indicates that the products are cubic cerium oxide, and the SEM reveals the morphology, the size of pore and fine structure of the product. Because of its simplicity and high yield, The synthetic process is cost effective and can be scaled up for industrial production of three-dimemionally ordered maeroporous materials. Key words: silica nanospheres; sol-gel method; three-dimensionally ordered macroporous material；sacrificing template technique；catalysis； 1.1实验意义 1984年德国科学家Gleiter等人首次用惰性气体凝聚法成功制得铁纳米微粒以来，由于纳米微粒具有明显不同于单个体材料和单个分子的独特性质(表面效应、体积效应、尺寸效应和宏观隧道效应)及其在电子学、光学、化工陶瓷、生物和医药等领域的广泛应用，引起了世界各国科学工作者的兴趣。纳米氧化物作为纳米材料中的重要一员，在精密陶瓷、光电池、磁记录和传感器、催化剂、发光材料等方面有着重要作用。 金属铈及其稀土合金主要是作为添加剂加入到有色金属及其合金中。其可提高有色金属及其合金的机械性能（如延伸率、使用寿命和热裂性等），抗氧化性，抗腐蚀性和耐热性等，更利于满足应用的要求。纳米级二氧化铈在紫外线吸