语法归纳与练习ADVANCED.DOC

語法歸納與練習 ADVANCED 從2002年起，研究生英語考試取消了語法、辭彙等基礎知識的考查，將此部分改考為聽力。但取消了此部分知識點的考查並不意味著英語語法等基礎知識的不重要。根據以往英語取得高分同學的經驗和海文英語輔導名師的建議，他們都一致認為英語語法和辭彙是學好、考好英語的重要基礎，其實完形填空是對語法、辭彙的綜合考查，但更關鍵的是學好此部分有助於對英語句子結構的分析和理解，有助於學生掌握靈活多變的句式，這樣不僅有助於學生做好閱讀理解，而且有助於學生做好英譯漢，寫好作文。 一．情態動詞的現在完成式的用法 情態動詞現在完成式主要有兩個功能：表示已經發生的情況和表示虛擬語氣。在這兩個方面must/mustnt,;can/cannt;need/neednt;may/maynt;might/mightnt;should/shouldnt; ougtht等情態動詞＋完成式表示的意思是有一定區別的 1．表示已經發生的情況。 1）must have+過去分詞，表示對已發生情況的肯定推測，譯為“（昨天）一定……”。如： My pain apparent the moment I walked into the room, for the first man I met asked sympathetically:” Are you feeling all right?” [A] must be [B] had been [C] must have been [D] had to be （答案為C） 2）cant / couldnt have+過去分詞，表示對已發生情況的否定推測，譯為“（昨天）一定沒……”。如： Mary my letter; otherwise she would have replied before now. [A] couldnt have received [B] ought to have received [C] has received [D] shouldnt have received （答案為A） 3）may / might have +過去分詞，表示對已發生的事情做不肯定、可能性很小的推測，或事實上根本沒發生，譯為“也許……”。如： At Florida Powers Crystal River plant, a potentially serious leakage of radioactive water may have been unknowingly caused by an electrici2．表示虛擬語氣。 1) neednt have + 過去分詞，表示做了不必做的事，相當於”didnt need to do”,譯為“其實沒必要……”。如： You neednt have come over yourself. As it turned out to be a small house party, we so formally. [A] neednt dress up [B]did not need have dressed up [C] did not need dress up [D] neednt have dressed up (沒有必要穿的那麼正式，體現是說話者的建議，實際結果是否真的穿的很正式沒有確定，答案為D) 2）should have +過去分詞，表示應該做某事但實際上未做，譯為“本應該……”should not + have過去分詞表示本不應該做某事但實際上做了，譯為“本不應該……”。如： I regret having left the work unfinished; I should have planned everything ahead carefully. 我本來應該事先認真地把每件事情規劃的很好，但實際上作者還是沒有規劃好，以至工作沒有完成。 3) ought to have +過去分詞，表示動作按理該發生了，但實際上未發生，譯為“該……”，與should 的完成式含義類似。如： Ｔhe porter ought to have called the fire-brigade as soon as he saw the fire in the stock, which went up in smoke . 4) could have +過去分詞，表示過去本來可以做但卻未做，譯為“完全可以……”。這點與ought/should/ have +過去分詞用法相似。如： What you said is right, but you could have phrased it more tactfull