太空诱变对金钗石斛光合特性和生长的影响.pdf

热带亚热带植物学报 2017, 25(5): 480 ~ 488 Journal of Tropical and Subtropical Botany 太空诱变对金钗石斛光合特性和生长的影响 彭曦, 叶庆生* (华南师范大学生命科学学院，广州 510631) 摘要：为了解太空诱变对金钗石斛(Dendrobium nobile)生长发育的影响，对太空诱变和野生金钗石斛的叶片结构、光合特性和 生长指标进行了比较研究。结果表明，太空诱变后的金钗石斛叶片较厚，叶气孔密度大、气孔器长轴和短轴长度均变长。两种 金钗石斛的光合速率日变化趋势相似，均为双峰型曲线，但太空诱变的净光合速率低于野生的。太空诱变和野生金钗石斛最大 净光合速率分别为4.6 和6.8 μmol m–2s– 1，光补偿点分别为18.3 和12.6 μmol m–2s– 1，光饱和点分别为1180 和720 μmol m–2s– 1。 太空诱变和野生金钗石斛的CO2 补偿点分别为 100 和102 μmol mol– 1，CO2 饱和点分别为2215 和2090 μmol mol– 1 。太空诱 变的金钗石斛单茎鲜重和干重均低于野生种，但由于其分蘖数增加，每盆的总生物量反而增加；太空诱变的金钗石斛生物碱 和石斛多糖含量显著高于野生种。因此，太空诱变为金钗石斛育种和品质改良提供了新途径。 关键词：金钗石斛；太空诱变；光合特性 doi: 10.11926/jtsb.3708 Effects of Space Mutation on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Growth of Dendrobium nobile * PENG Xi, YE Qing-sheng (School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China) Abstract: In order to understand the effects of space mutation on development of Dendrobium nobile , the leaf structure, photosynthetic characteristics and growth index between space mutation and wild type were compared. The results showed that there were thick leaf, dense stoma, and big stomatal apparatus in space mutation D. nobile. Diurnal variation of net photosynthetic rate (Pn) of the two kinds of D. nobile showed a similar bimodal curve. However, Pn of space mutation D. nobile was lower than that of wide type. The maximum photosynthetic rates of –2 – 1 space mutation and wild D. nobile were 4.6 and 6.8 μmol m s , light compensation rates (LCP) were 18.3and –2 – 1 –2 – 1 12.6 μmol m s , light saturation points (LSP) were 1180 and 720 μmol m s , CO2 compensation points (CCP) – 1 – 1 were 100 and 102 μmol mol , CO2 satura