低温钢焊接接头性能及强韧机理分析-材料加工工程专业论文.docx

上海交通大学工程硕士学位论文摘要 上海交通大学工程硕士学位论文 摘要 万方数据 万方数据 低温钢焊接接头性能及强韧机理分析 摘 要 SA203Gr.D 钢在低温工况环境下有良好的冲击韧性和机械性能，广泛用于深冷 分离加工、空分、液化气贮藏领域设备的制造，近年来国内煤化工项目中的 CO2 吸 收塔、H2S 吸收塔、H2S 浓缩塔、甲醇洗涤塔等低温设备大量采用该类材料制造。 然而，在设备制造中，会产生大量的焊缝。由于焊接参数波动，焊缝的性能很难保 持一致性，对于设备的安全性产生了极大的威胁。 本文通过控制实际作业中容易波动的参数，如焊接速度、道间温度等，获得一 系列焊接接头，并对接头的常温、低温力学性能进行评价，分析焊接参数对接头性 能的影响。同时，对焊接接头的低温强韧性进行了机理分析。结果表明，焊接参数 在有限范围内变化，对于焊缝金属室温强度的变化影响不大，而硬度出现了由上表 面至下表面逐渐降低的变化趋势。所有焊接接头在室温至－40℃都表现出优越的韧 性。预热温度为 150 ℃，SA203GrD 低温钢的焊缝金属冲击韧性在室温至-101℃时， 表现优秀。随着预热温度的增加，低温冲击韧性逐渐弱化。而随着线能量的减小， 低温冲击韧性也表现出不明显的弱化趋势。特别是，高预热、小线能量的工艺时， 低温冲击性能表现非常差。从焊缝金属成份考虑，Ni 元素和 Mn 元素在晶内的含量是 保证焊缝金属低温韧性的一个重要因素，应确保焊缝金属晶内的 Ni 含量在 3.5 wt% 左右。 关键词： 低温钢，焊接，低温韧性，SA203Gr.D I 上海交通大学工程硕士学位论文AB 上海交通大学工程硕士学位论文 ABSTRACT PROPERTIES OF WELDING JOINTS OF LOW TEMPERATURE STEEL and THEIR LOW TEMPERATURE TOUGHNESS ABSTRACT SA203Gr.D steel has perfect impact toughness and mechanical properties under low temperature service, it has been widely used in deep refrigeration separation, air separation unit, liquefied gas storage. Recently, CO2 absorption tower, H2S absorption tower, H2S evaporating tower, and Methanol washing tower are also built by using the SA203Gr.D steel. However, there are a lot of weldments in the above devices. Due to wave of welding parameters, it is hardly to obtain weldments with consistent properties, that is a threat for the reliability of device. In this paper, a serial of weldments were obtained by limited changing welding speed, interpass temperature. The mechanical properties under room temperature and low temperature, microstructure, and fracture were characterized to analyze the effects of welding parameter change on weldment’s properties. The results show that the impacts of welding parameters changed under limited range on the mechanical properties at room temperature is not remarkable, and the micro hardness decreases gradually from the up side to back side. All the weld metals exhibit nice impact toughness from room temperature to -40 ℃. Moreove