Chapter six Main Types of Word meaning词义的主要类型.ppt

Main types of word meaning Word meaning is made up of various components which are interrelated and interdependent. These components are describes as two types of meaning: Grammatical Meaning and Lexical Meaning Grammatical Meaning Grammatical meaning consists of word class and inflectional change (paradigm). inflectional change: cat-cats; to walk, walk Lexical Meaning Lexical meaning may be divided into denotative meaning, connotative meaning, stylistic meaning and affective meaning. the denotative meaning of a “chair” refers to “a piece of furniture for sb to sit on, having a back and usually four legs”. From Rome: Ladies, leave your clothes here and spend the afternoon having a good time! 如有脏衣服就留在这，我们会帮您洗。出去该干什么就干什么。 Connotative meaning refers to the emotional association which a word or a phrase suggests in one’s mind, it is the supplementary value added to the purely denotative meaning of a word. Eg, “mother”, the denotative meaning is female parent, but it connotes love, care, tenderness, and murmuring. features which are merely typical rather than invariable concomitants of womanhood capable of speech, experienced in cookery, skirt-or-dress-wearing Magpie: lucky(C) nagging(E) Color words the social relationship between the speakers or correspondents the occasion subject matter the mode of discourse campaign： 指形式不同，内容相似的某一商品的系列广告。 CPM： 指某一广告在某一媒介上传播至每一千人或一千户家庭，刊登广告人所花的费用。 Make Good： 广告免费重播。由于机械故障或操作失误导致某一广告传送受阻，以此作为对客户的补偿。 Red Goods： 利润虽然小，但是十分畅销的商品。 We recognize some words or pronunciations as being dialectal, i.e. as telling us something of the geographical or social origin of the speaker. Other features of language tell us something of the social relationship between the speaker and hearer; we have a scale of status usage, for example, descending from formal and literary English at one end to colloquial, familiar, and eventually slang English at the other. Variation according to: Dialect (the language of geogr