复杂构件局部锻造过程晶粒尺寸预报与工艺优化-材料学专业论文.docx

哈尔滨工业大学工学硕士学位论文 哈尔滨工业大学工学硕士学位论文 - - I - 摘 要 本文针对 316L 奥氏体不锈钢核电主管道复杂大锻件两个台阶处结构复杂， 变形量大，加工困难，晶粒粗大，性能较差的问题，通过建立 316L 不锈钢热加 工过程数学模型和锻造过程物理模型，利用 DEFORM-3D 有限元软件对其不同 工艺的锻造过程进行了数值模拟，根据模拟结果详细分析了锻造工艺参数对锻 造过程温度场、应力场和组织场的影响，实现了晶粒尺寸的预报和锻造工艺的 优化。 温度场模拟结果显示工件高应变区处的温度比第二台阶处的温度高；压下 速率一定时，两台阶处终锻温度均随始锻温度升高而升高；始锻温度一定时， 两台阶处终锻温度随压下速率增加而升高。应力场模拟结果显示工件高应变区 处所受的等效应力低于第二台阶；压下速率一定时，两台阶所受等效应力均随 始锻温度的升高而降低；始锻温度一定时，两台阶所受的等效应力随压下速率 的增加而减小。组织场模拟结果显示，压下速率一定时，两台阶处的晶粒尺寸 随始锻温度的升高而增加；当始锻温度低于 1000℃时，两台阶处的晶粒得到明 显的细化，在不同的压下速率下晶粒尺寸相差不大。 在始锻温度为 1000℃，压下速率为 50mm/s，且模具与工件润滑较好的条 件下锻造时，工件两台阶处的晶粒尺寸能显著细化，达到 40~50μm，大大提高 其性能，此时的工艺条件即为最优工艺。 关键词：316L 不锈钢；锻造工艺；数值模拟； 晶粒尺寸 - - II - Abstract There are two steps on complicated 316L stainless steel workpiece which used in nuclear power station , but the two steps have some disadvantages that their grain size is big, processing is difficulty ,performance is relatively poor. This artical first establishs the mathematic model and physical model about the forging process of 316L stainless steel, and then simulates the forging process used of the DRFORM-3D sofrware. This artical dtailely analyses the relationship between technological patameters and temperature,effective stress, grain size according to the simulated results. This article also realizes minishing the grain size and improving the performance. The simulated results of temperature display that the temperature of the first step is higher than the second step. If the velocity of forging is a constant, when the initial forging raise, the final forging raise. If the initial temperature is a constant, when the velocity of forging increase, the final temperature of the two steps increase. The simulated results of effective stress display that the effective stress of the first step is lower than the second step. If the velocity of forging is a constant, when the initial temperature raises, the effective stress of the two steps reduces. If the initial temperature is a constant, when the velocity of forging increase, the