富勒法伦理思想研究——以《法律的道德性》为例-伦理学专业论文.docx

I I 摘 要 摘 要 中外法律思想史上，法律与道德关系一直是争论的热点。作为近代新自然法学家的 代表，富勒的法伦理思想有顺应历史发展和促进社会进步的可借鉴之处。它继承了传统 自然法一贯秉持的德法结合理论，认为治理社会、维护社会秩序的法律离不开道德。《法 律的道德性》是较为集中体现富勒法伦理思想的一部著作，是在与哈特论战的背景下诞 生的。富勒的法伦理思想主要包括道德的界定、法律的概念和法律的终极目标。首先， 他将道德分为愿望的道德和义务的道德。愿望的道德更接近善，义务的道德则与法律有 着亲缘关系。其次，他认为之所以法律是法律，是因为道德促成了法律。法律必须具备 一系列的程序合法性原则才能被人们普遍遵守，这意味着法律必须有内在道德。但同时， 他认为法律还需具备实体性的外在道德。再次，他强调法律是一项有目的的事业，即使 人类行为服从于规则之治。而法律的终极目标则是对社会良好秩序的追求。富勒法伦理 思想不仅对法学、伦理学的发展有重要的理论价值，而且对构建社会主义和谐社会、推 进法治中国建设进程具有积极的实践意义。 关键词 富勒 《法律的道德性》 法伦理思想 II II Abstract Abstract In Chinese and foreign legal history, the relationship between law and morality is always a hot debate. As a representative of modern new natural law jurist,, Fuller’s legal ethics thought must have reference to the historical development and social progress. It inherited a theory that law and morality exist certain relation, that traditional natural law has consistent uphold in the theory system history. It holds that law, which is used for administering the society and maintaining social order, can’t live without morality. The Morality of Law is a famous work that concentrated displayed Fullers legal ethics thought. And it was born in the background of a debate with Hart. Fuller’s legal ethics thought mainly includes the definition of moral, the concept of law, and the ultimate goal of law. First of all, the morality is divided into desire morality and duty morality. The desire morality is more closed to good, and the duty morality is related to law; Secondly, he considered that law is law because of morality makes it possible. Law that kept by people widely must have a series of procedural legitimate principles. That’s to say law must possess intrinsic morality. Also, he insisted on it that law must have entity moral; Thirdly, he concluded that law is a purposeful cause that makes human behavior subject to the rules governing, which was based on the debate with his opponent; The ultimate goal of law is the