英语语言学概论 chapter 5 morphology(形态学)新.pptVIP

Chapter 5 Morphology(形态学,词法学) Internal structures of words and rules of word formation careful wonderful successful beautiful widen deepen shorten fasten sharpen Impossible, incorrect, improper, illegal, report, import export transport support porter respect inspect expect suspect prospect boys girls toys books tables bottles working, thinking speaking, cutting, hitting the, to,for,bird, leg, air, captain. suffixes,prefixes,roots,inflectional suffixes,free root Semantically:root(词根) and affix affix( 词缀): prefix(前缀), suffix(后缀) ; derivational affixes(派生词缀) and inflectional affixes(屈折词缀) Structurally: free morphemes(自由词素,即自由词根) and bound morphemes(粘着词素) 5.1 what is morphology Morphology studies the internal structures(内部结构) of words and word formation rules. It divided into two fields:inflectional morphology(屈折词法) and derivational/lexical morphology(派生词法). It studies the different categories of morphemes( bound, free, derivational and inflectional) morphological rules 5.2 morpheme(词素,语素) Morpheme is a minimal meaningful grammatical unit in a language. 1 minimal: smallest,it can not further be divided. {un}, {bird} but not blackboard=black+board disagree=dis +agree 2 meaningful: can not be further divided without destroying its meaning cap+tain, man+age==manage 3, grammatical: not only lexical morphemes like {bird, leg, table},but also grammatical ones, like{to ,for, -s, ed, -er, the a an} international=inter+nation+al tourists=tour+ist+s disagreements=dis+agree+ment+s Classification of morphemes Free morphemes: those that can exist as individual words: the , to for cap shoe Lexical morphemes: nouns, adjectives, verbs, adverbs. Open class, large part of vocabulary 实词 Functional morphemes: prepositions, conjunctions, articles, pronouns. Closed class. 虚词 Bound morphemes(粘着词素): those that can not occur alone as separate words.-ful, -less, re- de, tele-vis-ion, un-happy Roots(词根),the most important part of a word that carries the principal