气候突变人口增长地理限制与夏朝的建立-OpenRepositoryof.PDFVIP

2014 5 33 中原文物 年第 期 、 、 气候突变 人口增长 地理限制与 * 夏朝的建立 吴文祥 葛全胜 ( ， 100 10 1) 中国科学院地理资源与环境研究所 北京 Abstract :The establishment of the Xia Dynasty which marked the formation of ancient Chinese civiliza- tion is generally acknowledged as a milestone in the societal evolution. Warfare is commonly agreed as a main driving force in the state formation. However ，no widely accepted model has ever emerged on the mechanism of warfare. In this paper ，we reviewed the circumscription theory and discussed its weakness in explanation of state formation. Based on reconstruction of 4. 0kaBP climatic event and the fact that population pressure could not act as an interdependent variable generating population － resource imbalance ，we developed alternative model for the emergence of Xia Dynasty. Our model invoked abrupt climate change as an independent varia- ble ，while considering the effects of population growth and environmental circumscription. The model can be summarized as :in a circumscribed environment ，abrupt climate change acts on certain degree of population density level ，resulting in population－resource imbalance and migrations ，which further triggers outbreaks of warfare eventually leading to the establishment of Xia Dynasty in China. Our hypothesis has the advantages over other models in interpretation of why the emergence of Xia Dynasty occurred in Central China rather than other regions in China ，and why it happened around 4. 0kaBP rather than other time period. Key words :the Xia Dynasty ;abrupt climate change ;population growth ;circumscription theory ;pop- ulation－resource imbalance