预应力混凝土PrestressedConcrete大学外文文献翻译及原文.docVIP

毕业设计（论文） 外文文献翻译 文献、资料中文题目：预应力混凝土 文献、 资料英文题目：Prestressed Concrete 文献、 资料来源： 文献、 资料发表（出版）日期： 院（部）： 专 业： 班 级： 姓 名： 学 号： 指导教师: 翻译日期: 2017. 02. 14 毕业设计（论文）外文资料翻译 外文出处：_ The Concrete structure 件：1、夕2、夕卜 指导教师评语: 签字： 年/］日 1、外文资料原文 Prestressed Concrete Concrete is strong in compression, but weak in tension: Its tensile strength varies from 8 to 14 percent of its compressive strength. Due tosuch a low tensile capacity， flexural cracks develop at early stages ofloading. In order to reduce or prevent such cracks from developing, aconcentric or eccentric force is imposed in the longitudinal direction of the structural element. This force prevents the cracks from developing by eliminating or considerably reducing the tensile stresses at thecritical midspan and support sections at service load，thereby raising the bending, shear，and torsional capacities of the sections. The sections are then able to behave elastically，and almost the full capacity of the concrete in compression can be efficiently utilized across the entire depth of the concrete sections when all loads act on the structure. Such an imposed longitudinal force is called a prestressing force，i.e.，a compressive force that prestresses the sections along the span ofthe structural element prior to the application of the transverse gravitydead and live loads or transient horizontal live loads. The type ofprestressing force involved, together with its magnitude, are determined mainly on the basis of the type of system to be constructed and the span length and slenderness desired.?Since the prestressing force is applied longitudinally along or parallel to the axis of the member，the prestressing principle involved is commonly known as linear prestressing. Circular prestressing, used in liquid containment tanks, pipes,and pressure reactor vessels，essentially follows the same basic principles as does linear prestressing. The circumferential hoop，or ’’hugging” stress on the cylindrical or spherical structure，neutralizes the tens