青藏高原隆起与境演化.docVIP

青藏高原隆起与环境演化 (范文示例） 摘要：青藏高原的隆起对中国西部的环境变迁起着关键性的作用。其隆起可根据对柴达木、吐鲁番、哈密、塔里木盆地的演化及其与青藏高原隆起的耦合关系进行研究。青藏高原的隆起可以划分为3个阶段。第一阶段为仅限于冈底斯山一带古近纪期间的隆起。第二阶段为发生在中新世早中期(23~11.7Ma)的初次隆起。第三阶段为发生在09~08Ma。这次隆起形成现今的高原面貌。这次隆起不仅使高原本身的环境骤变，出现第四纪以来最大的冰川，形成世界上最大的高寒草原，而且引起了全球气候的变化，促使北极圈冰盖的形成。本文将从青藏高原的隆起过程及其对环境的演化作用方面进行阐述，对青藏高原新生代以来构造活动与环境演化的耦合关系作出初步的探索与论证。 关键词：青藏高原 隆起 环境演化 Abstract: Environmental changes in western China can be primarily attributed to the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau. Its uplift can be studied based on the Qaidam, Turpan, Hami evolution, the Tarim Basin and Its Relationship with the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau. The rising of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau can be subdivided into three stages.The first stage was limited to uplift Kailash area Paleogene period. The second stage was the first place in the early and middle Miocene (23 ~ 11.7 Ma) uplift.The third stage was the last rapid uplift. It occurred in 0 9 ~ 0 8 Ma. The uplift of the plateau generated nowadays appearance.The uplift not only led to profound climatic changes in the plateau, which resulted in the most extensive glaciation and the widest cold prairie grassland in the Quaternary, but also to a global climate change, that may have influenced the glacial cover in the Arctic Circle1 Meanwhile.This article will Elaborate the process of uplift of the Tibetan Plateau and its evolution in the role of the environment.It will make a preliminary exploration and demonstration of coupling between tectonic activity and environmental evolution since the Cenozoic. Key words: Qinghai-Tibet Plateau;uplift;Environmental Evolution 1青藏高原的隆起 1.1青藏高原早期的构造 我们能够从青藏高原不同的地块发育不同的时间段的海相沉积的记录看出，特提斯洋在不断地向南进行退缩，大陆地壳在不断地向南增生。古生代海相沉积分布于整个青藏地区，也包括祁连、昆仑在内。晚古生代三叠纪是沿可可西里金沙江的构造带发生的古特提斯洋板块迅速北向俯冲的事件，形成了可可西里金沙江板块的俯冲带及其北侧岛的弧带，直至晚三叠纪形成的可可西里金沙江板块的缝合带，导致了特提斯洋逐步退到可可西里金沙江缝合带的以南地区；而可可西里金沙江的缝合带以北地区的逐步隆起成了陆地。侏罗纪时期的羌塘地块，普遍发育成浅海相沉积，可可西里巴颜喀拉地块却为陆相沉积环境；大约自晚侏罗世的开始，特提斯洋板块沿班公错怒江的构造带发生快速北向俯冲的事件，形成班公错怒江的缝合带，导致羌塘的地块逐步褶皱而隆起；至早白垩世，羌塘的地块整体转变成了陆相环境，特提斯洋就退缩到了班公错-怒江以南的地区。白垩纪时期的