Horizontal curves- Learn Civil Engineering：平曲线学习土木工程.pptVIP

Special Circular curve Problems Passing a curve through a certain point: - When? -The problem: fig(24-15) Given PI, point (P) that should be on the curve, and the tangents. Required: R. Solution: 1-Establish an arbitrary coordinate system, origin is at PI, X axis is the line PC-PI. In that system we know the coordinates of PI, PC. In that system the coordinates of the origin O is: Xo = -T = -R tan (I/2) Yo = -R 2- Measure the angle ??and the distance PI-P 3- Compute the coordinates of P: Xp = - d cosθ Yp = - d sin θ 4- Substitute in the general equation of a circle: R2 = (XP – Xo )2 +(YP – Yo)2 Solve the equation to compute R: R2 = (XP + R tan I 2 ) 2 + (YP+ R)2 Intersection of a circular curve and a straight line Form the line and the circle equations, solve them simultaneously to get the intersection point. Intersection of two Circular Curves simultaneously solve the two circle equations. Sight distance on Horizontal Curves {Required topic} What is the problem? Stopping distance depends on: speed, perception and reaction time, coefficient of friction, and pavement condition. Available sight distance = C = Where m is the distance from the obstruction to the center of the road, along a radius. Two solutions if C is less than the minimum safe sight distance: - Move the obstruction - Reduce the speed. PI (V) PC T C Spiral Curves {This topic will not be covered} Used to provide gradual transition in horizontal curvature, and hence superelevation. Definitions: Back and forward tangents. Entrance and exit spirals. Geometrically identical. TS, SC, CS, ST. What is in between? SPI: the angle beteen the tangents at TS and SC. Spiral Angle ?S: the angle between the two tangents. Spiral Length LS: the arc length of the spiral. Spiral Geometry Basic spiral properties: Radius changes uniformly from infinity at TS to the radius of the circular curve at the SC. So, it’s degree of curve DS changes uniformly