《微积分的历史、方法及哲学思想》-毕业设计论文（公开).docVIP

微积分的历史、方法及哲学思想 摘要 微积分是一门重要的学科，本文首先对微积分的思想萌芽进行了概括，其中包括中国在内的许多古代的思想中就包含了原始的微积分的思想，微积分的主要发展是在欧洲，在十七世纪的欧洲由于自然科学发展的需要，微积分开始了快速的发展，后来牛顿和莱布尼茨完成了在微积分工作中最重要的工作，使得当时的许多问题得到了圆满的解决。由于当时微积分的基础并不完善，引发了许多的问题。后来众多数学家完善了微积分的基础，使得微积分进一步严格化，并且引发了许多新的分支。其次是对微积分计算中的方法进行了简单的总结，我分别对导数和积分进行了描述并且用了简单的例题进行了说明。由于微分和导数相似所以就没有进行描述了。最后是我对其中蕴涵的哲学思想进行的理解。 关键词： 微积分；导数；积分；哲学思想 Calculus of history, methods and philosophy Abstract The calculus is an important subject, this paper, the calculus of a broad ideological infancy, including China, in the minds of many ancient includes the original idea of calculus, calculus of major development in Europe, in the 17th century in Europe because of the need for the development of natural science, calculus began a rapid development, and later Newton and Leibniz completed the work in the calculus of the most important work, making many of the issues at that time have been successful Solution. Since then the basis of calculus is not perfect, causing many problems. Later, many mathematicians perfected the basis of calculus, calculus makes further stringent, and triggered a number of new branches. This was followed by the calculus method of calculation of a simple conclusion, I were integral to the derivative and a description and use a simple example to explain. As derivative differential and therefore there is no similarity to the description. Finally, there is one implication of my philosophy of thinking and understanding. Key words: calculus; derivative; integration; philosophy 目 录 论文总页数：20页 TOC \o 1-3 \h \z \u HYPERLINK \l _Toc201034910 引 言 PAGEREF _Toc201034910 \h 1 HYPERLINK \l _Toc201034911 1 微积分的发展史 PAGEREF _Toc201034911 \h 1 HYPERLINK \l _Toc201034912 1.1 微积分的思想萌芽 PAGEREF _Toc201034912 \h 1 HYPERLINK \l _Toc201034913 1.2 半个世纪的酝酿 PAGEREF _Toc201034913 \h 2 HYPERLINK \l _Toc201034914 1.3 微积分的创立—牛顿和莱布尼茨的工作 PAGEREF _Toc201034914 \h 6 HYPERLINK \l _Toc201034915 1.3.1 牛顿的“流数术” PAGEREF _Toc201034915 \h 6 HYPERLINK \l _Toc201034916 1.3.2 莱布尼茨的微