讨论和结论写作方法.ppt

Contents Click to add Title 1 Click to add Title 2 Click to add Title 3 Click to add Title 4 Continue with Discussion “讨论”的重点在于对研究结果的解释和推断, 并说明作者的结果是否支持或反对某种观点、是否提出了新的问题或观点等； 撰写讨论时要避免含蓄, 尽量做到直接、明确, 以便审稿人和读者了解论文为什么值得引起重视（Place your results in a wider context） “Selling” my data! 讨论：基本内容 对结果提出说明、解释或猜测; 根据这些结果, 能得出何种结论或推论？ 指出研究的局限性以及这些局限对研究结果的影响; 并建议进一步的研究题目或方向; 指出结果的理论意义(支持或反驳相关领域中现有的理论、对现有理论的修正)和实际应用 讨论：注意事项 对结果的解释要重点突出, 简洁、清楚：着重讨论本研究的重要发现，以及由此得出的结论，不要过细地重复引言或结果中的数据或资料； 推论要符合逻辑, 避免实验数据不足以支持的观点和结论； 对结果的科学意义和实际应用的表达要实事求是, 适当留有余地； 讨论的最后最好是论文的最重要的结论(take-home-message) Problem/Solution Pattern Cause/Effect or Effect/Cause Pattern Comparison and Contrast Pattern Results & Discussion： A Few Patterns Problem/Solution Pattern Problem: Statement of problem or question at issue Criteria: Statement of criteria for satisfactory solution ( could be combined with explanation of the problem） Solution: Statement of solution or answer Detail of Implement: Explanation of the solution, point-by-point in a descending order of importance or in order of the necessary steps to be taken to implement the solution Limitations: Explanation of limitations of the solution Alternatives: Explanation of alternative solutions considered and rejected (includes reasons for rejection) Cause/Effect or Effect/Cause Pattern Issue: Statement of the issue, cause? or effect? and statement of conclusion Causes (Effects): Support for the conclusion, I.e. analysis of causes or effects, arranged in descending order of probability of importance Alternative cause (effect): Anticipation and refutation of alternative possibilities Summary: Restatement of the conclusion Comparison and Contrast Pattern Conclusion: Statement of the conclusion and a forecast of points of comparison and contrast Support: Comparison or Contrast, present a point-by-point comparison or contrast in descending order of importance Emphasizing similarities: present a point-by-point comparison of similarity in descending