俄罗斯皇室秘史 同室操戈：尼古拉二世与威廉二世 克.pdfVIP

俄罗斯皇室秘史 同室操戈：尼古拉二世与威廉二世 第一次世界大战期间的德、俄交战，可被视为威廉二世与尼古拉二世这对 表兄弟之间的「内战」。 尼古拉二世妻子亚历山德拉的母亲与威廉二世的母亲是姐妹，同是英女王 维多利亚的女儿，因此尼古拉在婚后跟随妻子称呼较自己年长九岁的威廉 为表兄。一九零一年九月，这对表兄弟在但泽港(今波兰希尔，邻近格但斯 克)附近的希勒会面，威廉更将一把精美短剑赠予尼古拉，以示手足之情。 然而表兄弟的血缘关系，始终无法化解德、俄两国之间的种族及利益冲突； 在各自军事集团的牵连下，两国于一九一四年兵戎相见，酿成第一次世界 大战。战事令俄国与德国两败俱伤，尼古拉与威廉双双退位，罗曼诺夫王 朝及霍亨索伦王朝均走向终结。不过，威廉较其表弟幸运，战后流亡到荷 兰，至一九四一年才病逝。尼古拉与家人却在一九一七年革命后的翌年， 已命丧苏维埃的枪下。 这次俄罗斯特展展出了当年由威廉二世赠予尼古拉二世的短剑，以及在一 八七一年德国统一前由普鲁士馈赠俄罗斯的外交礼物，想多认识欧洲皇室 之间耐人寻味的关系，「皇村瑰宝：俄罗斯宫廷文物展」绝对不容错过！ Secrets of the Russian monarchy Family rivalry: Nicholas II and William II The conflict between Russia and Germany in the First World War can be seen as a kind of internecine or civil war, as it pitted two cousins against each other, Nicholas II and William II. The mother of Nicholas’s wife Alexandra and the mother of William II were both daughters of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom. Nicholas therefore followed his wife’s custom of addressing William (nine years his senior) as his cousin. The two emperors met in September 1901 in Hela by Danzig (present-day near Gdańsk in Poland), and William presented an ornate dirk to Nicholas as a token of brotherhood. Despite their shared lineage, the two cousins were unable to resolve a series of conflicts arising from race, clashes of interests and the different alliances they maintained with other countries in Europe, and the two nations eventually declared war on each other in 1914. The Great War left Russia and Germany devastated, led to the abdications of Nicholas and William and brought an end to the Romanov and Hohenzollern dynasties. William suffered a more fortunate fate than his Russian cousin: able to flee to the Netherlands, he died of illness only in 1941. Nicholas and his family, in contrast, were shot dead the year after the Russian Revolution of 1917. The Treasures from Tsarskoye Selo, Residence of the Russian Mo