饮用水不同消毒技术的遗传毒性比较究（毕业设计）.docVIP

PAGE 58 饮用水不同消毒技术的遗传毒性比较研究 清华大学 环境科学与工程系 给排水科学与工程专业09届 聂雪彪 指导教师：刘文君 摘要: 随着水源水水质的日趋恶化，水体中有机物种类日趋复杂，消毒后产生的更多的副产物，毒理学风险也越来越大。为比较常用饮用水消毒方法的毒理学风险和副产物生成潜力，本研究从遗传毒性和卤乙酸（HAAs）生成量两个角度对氯消毒、氯胺消毒、紫外线消毒、紫外线+氯消毒、紫外线+氯胺消毒和氯转氯胺消毒6种不同消毒方法进行了评价。 本研究采用umu试验法评价饮用水遗传毒性。umu测试法和经典的Ames测试法相比较，发现两种毒性测试系统检测的经氯和氯胺消毒后水源水的遗传毒性变化规律相一致。 以深度工艺处理出水（臭氧活性炭出水）为研究水样，用umu测试法研究发现，单独紫外线消毒遗传毒性与紫外线剂量成正相关，氯消毒遗传毒性较大，氯胺消毒遗传毒性较小且随剂量变化不大。氯转氯胺消毒的遗传毒性介于氯消毒和氯胺消毒之间。紫外线的引入（剂量40mJ/cm2）使高剂量的氯消毒（有效氯大于约2mg/L）的遗传毒性有明显增加；对于氯胺消毒，紫外线的引入对遗传毒性影响不大。 饮用水经消毒后，HAAs生成量与遗传毒性没有明显相关性。6种消毒工艺的卤乙酸生成量主要由加氯量决定，加氯量越多，生成的卤乙酸越多，说明卤乙酸主要是氯消毒的产物。 关键词：饮用水；消毒；遗传毒性；umu试验；卤乙酸 ABSTRACT With the deterioration of the quality of source water, species of organic matters in water are becoming complex, more DBPs (disinfection by-products) are generated and there is increasing toxicological risk. For the purpose of comparing practical drinking water disinfection processes from the aspects of toxicological risk and the capability of producing DBPs, this study evaluated six disinfection methods (chlorination, chlorimination, disinfection by UV, UV+chlorination, UV+chlorimination, sequential chlorination) from the perspective of genotoxicity and output of HAAs (haloacetic acids). This study evaluated genotoxicity of drinking water using umu test. Comparing umu test and classic Ames test, this study verified the consistency of umu test and classic Ames test using source water after chlorination or chlorimination as water samples. Using affluent after advanced treatment (ozone/activated carbon) as water samples, this study found that, the genotoxicity of drinking water after disinfection by UV light was in positive correlation with UV dose; the genotoxicity of chlorination was the highest; genotoxicity of water after chloramination was less and changed very little with the raise of the dose of disinfectant. The genotoxicity of water after sequential chlorination was between chlorination and chlorimination. UV disinfection (40mJ/cm2) increased the genot