国内外能源消费模式对比研究（中期成果汇报）-WorldBankGroup.PDFVIP

China: Trade Facilitation Reform and Economic Development  Zhang Yansheng  Institute for International Economic Research  National Development and Reform Commission Development of China’s international trade Three stages of China’s international trade development  1979 - 1991: initial stage of opening-up. The government incubated market economy initiatives by decentralization, and introducing international competitors by attracting FDI, developing an export- oriented economy mechanism by regional opening-up.  1992 - 2001: Critical stage of establishing an export-oriented economic mechanism which is based on the market.  2001 - present: New stage for establishing an open economic mechanism which is consistent with international rules and standards. China’s international trade (2005 – 2008) （USD 100 million ) Volume of Volume of Year Overall volume Trade surplus import export 2005 14221.2 6601.2 7620 1018.8 2006 17606.9 7916.1 9690.8 1774.7 2007 21768.4 9588.2 12180.2 2592 2008 25616.3 11330.9 14285.5 2954.6 Structure of China’s international trade  In 2008, overall volume of China’s processing trade accounted for 41.1% of its international trade, with volume of export by processing trade accounting for 47.3% of overall export volume.  In 2008, China’s trade surplus in terms of processing trade was 296.78 billion USD, which basically was equal to China’s overall trade surplus.  In 2008, FDI enterprises’