英语句法结构介绍.doc

英文的句法结构 ? ???英语是一门结构性语言。一个学英语之人在使用英语时必须具备三个意识，即词形变化意识，时态和语态意识和句子结构意识。如果我们具备以上三意识，在平时有意识地进行必要的训练，在短短几个月中完全可以大幅度地提高自己的英语水平的。? ?? ??英文的句子结构可分两大类：基本结构和特殊结构。 英文句子的基本结构 1简单句的五大基本句型。 英文句子是以简单句为主体。并列句是由并列连接词连接的两个简单句；主从复合句是由一个从属连接词连接的从句和一个独立的简单句构成的。 英文简单句的五种基本句型。 （1）主语 + 谓语 。 ?? 此句型的谓语动词是不及物动词，常带状语。 例如：The fruit shop has closed. ????? They have been singing and dancing for two hours. ????? The plane will take off soon. ????? They will fly to London. （2）主语 + 系动词 + 表语。 ? 此句型结构中的谓语动词是系动词，后接表语。常用的系动词除be外，还有become, look, seem, appear, get, feel, grow, turn, remain, come, hold, keep, stand, stay（保持）,smell, sound, taste等等。 例如：The motor is out of order. ????? Her mother has fallen ill. ????? The weather is getting quite hot. ????? The roses smell sweet. ????? Silk feels soft and smooth. ????? The plan sound perfect. （3）主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 ?? 此句型中的谓语动词是及物动词，后面跟宾语。 例如：He studies English. ????? The teacher corrected her poor pronunciation more than once. ???? We should help the disabled. （4）主语+ 谓语 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语。 例如：This new way saved us much time. ????? Could you do me a favor please? ????? I paid him fifty yuan. ????? He ordered (要，订购)himself a soft drink. ????? Mr Smith lent me his car. ????? I found him a new textbook. ????? Can you spare me a few minutes of your valuable time? ????? The president awarded（授予）hime the first prize. （5）主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语。 例如：We elected him monitor of our class. ????? We found her rather difficult to work with. ????? I warned him not to be late again. ????? My father saw him steal the money. ????? I found the galss broken. ????? The shop assistant kept the customer waiting a very long time. ??? The woman caught her husband reading her diary. 2．并列句结构?? 并列句是由并列连接词连接两个或两个以上的简单句结构。 常用的并列连接词有： （1）表示并列，递进关系and, both…and, not…but, not only…but(also)…, neither…nor… （2）表示转折/对比关系but, while, (and) yet, when （3）表示选择关系or, either…or…, otherwise （4）表示结果关系so, (and) therefore, (and) thus （5）表示原因关系for3．主从复合句结构。 英语中，从句主要有三大类：名词性从句、形容词性从句及副词性从句。下面我们分别介绍。 　　一、名词性从句 　　1、名词性从句