核不育类型.PPT

25. Extranuclear?Inheritance（cytoplasmic inheritance) What is Extranuclear?Inheritance ？ How is it produced ? characteristics？ Particles ,Mt and pt ？ Application ？ 25 Extranuclear Inheritance Commonly defined as transmission through the cytoplasm (or things in the cytoplasm, including organelles) rather than the nucleus Generally only one parent contributes Extranuclear Inheritance Organelle heredity Organelles that contain chromosomes Chloroplasts and mitochondria Infectious heredity Involves a symbiotic or parasitic association with a microorganism Maternal effect Nuclear gene products are stored in ooplasm and distributed to cells as the fertilized egg divides to form developing embryo 高等生物除了核内作为主要的遗传体系对生物性状的遗传与个体的生长发起着决定性的作用 还有另外的遗传体系——线粒体、叶绿体，除了决定自身功能之外，还与核内体系相互、共同作用，实现特定的功能。 一些共生颗粒,如质粒、卡巴等虽没有明确而必须的功能，但也产生表型效应。 染色体以外的遗传因子所决定的遗传现象，在真核生物中称为核外遗传或细胞质遗传（extranuclear?Inheritance或cytoplasmic inheritance Chloroplasts and Mitochondria These organelles contain DNA First explanation for [some] maternal inheritance patterns Endosymbiont theory Analysis of mutant alleles in organelles can be complex because many genes for organelle components are nuclear-encoded And even subunits of a multicomponent enzyme may be partially encoded in both locations Heteroplasmy makes things even worse… 1 母体影响 2 核外遗传的性质与特点 3 细胞内敏感物质的遗传 4 线粒体的遗传方式及其分子基础 5 叶绿体遗传及其分子基础 6 核外与雄性不育性 Contrasts to Non-Mendelian GeneticsMaternal Effect Animation: Maternal Effect Some maternally-derived phenotypes are produced by the maternal nuclear genome (maternal effect), rather than inherited as extranuclear genes (maternal inheritance). a. Proteins and/or mRNA deposited in the oocyte before fertilization direct early development in the embryo. b. The genes encoding these products are on nuclear chromosomes. No mtDNA is involved. 结果的解释 精子中不带有什么细胞质，而卵里含有大量的细胞质。 当Aa母蛾形成卵子时，无论A卵，还是a卵，细胞质中都含有足量的犬尿素，所以它们的后代中aa幼虫皮肤也是有色的。不过这种母性影响是暂时的，因为aa个体缺乏A基因，不能产生色素，随着个体发育色素逐渐消耗，到成虫时复眼已经成为红色的了。 （只影响幼龄期） Maternal Effec