452降雪量和积雪深度的关系-气象.DOCVIP

杨成芳，联系电一次江淮气旋暴雪的积雪特征及气象影响因子分析( 杨成芳 刘 畅 山东省气象台，济南 250031 提 要：利用自动站、人工加密观测及常规观测资料，通过对2017年2月21—22日一次江淮气旋暴雪过程积雪特征的分析，揭示了近地面气象要素对积雪深度的复杂影响。结果表明：（1）江淮气旋系统特有的空间结构导致山东南北地区的降雪量和积雪深度不均衡分布。（2）积雪深度具有时效性，在降雪结束时达到峰值，因温度的变化导致峰值不一定维持到次日08时。（3）积雪深度是近地面多气象要素共同作用的结果，降水相态、降雪量、降雪强度、气温、地温和风速均有影响。主要表现为：雨夹雪在转为纯雪之前可产生不超过1cm的积雪，如果不转雪则不会产生有量积雪；各地降雪含水比差异较大，全省平均为0.5cm·mm-1，低于全国平均值；在降雪不融化的情况下，降雪量、降雪强度越大则积雪越深，降雪强度大是气温和地温都高于0℃时产生积雪的必要条件；地温和气温越低对积雪形成越有利，积雪开始产生时的地温最高阈值多在0℃左右，地温先突降后缓升是积雪产生前后的共性特征，积雪产生后1～2h内地温略有上升并逐渐趋于稳定值；积雪产生时气温一般低于0℃，气温高于0℃时大部分降雪融化；有利于产生积雪的平均风力多不超过2级，极大风则在3～4级以下。 关键词：江淮气旋，暴雪，积雪，影响因子 中图分类号：P456 文献标志码：A A Case Study of Snowstorm Associated with Jianghuai Cycle on Atmospheric Influence Factors and Character of Snow Cover YANG Chengfang LIU Chang Shandong Provincial Meteorological Observatory, Jinan 250031 Abstract: This study investigates the character and complicated atmospheric influence factors of snow cover on a snowstorm event associated with Jianghuai cycle occurred from 21 to 22 February 2017 by automatic station, intensive and routine observation data. The results are as follows: (1) Special structure leads to different distribution of snowfall and snow cover from south to north in Shandong province.(2) Snow depth rises to maximum when snow ends with timeliness. The maximum is not sure to continue at 8clock next day.(3) Snow depth is influenced by precipitation type, snowfall, Snowfall intensity, air temperature, ground temperature and wind speed. Sleet can produce snow cover with 1cm before it converts to snow, or quantitative snow cover wont form. Snow-to-liquid ratio has great difference in various stations, and the average with 0.5cm穖m-1 in Shandong province is lower than in all country. Strong snowfall and snowfall intensive are favorable to form deep snow cover without melt snowfall, especially for air stemperature and ground temperature higher than 0℃. More lower air temperature and ground temperature will benefit snow cover. The value of ground tempera