专八-语言学-Phonetics.pptVIP

第3讲 Lecture 3 ??? 授课题目 : Phonetics ???? 教学目标及基本要求 (1)??? Let students know what phonetics is and how the human speech sounds are produced by means of human speech organs. (2)??? Let students know the characteristics of English speech sounds . (3)??? Let us know how English speech sounds are classified and transcribed. ????? 教学重点 Teaching focus (1)??scope of phonetics (2)??articulation of sounds (3)? characteristics of English speech sounds (4)??classification of English speech sounds (5)?? the transcription of sound Revision exercises What is language? Why is language systemic? Why is language arbitrary? What are the major differences between human languages and animal communication systems? What is phonetics and its scope Phonetics is the scientific study of speech and is concerned with defining and classifying speech sounds. Human language displays a wide variety of sounds, but not all the sounds that humans are capable of producing occur in speech. The class of possible speech sounds is not only finite, but also universal. Any human is able to pronounce these sounds, regardless of racial or cultural background. The limited range of sounds which are meaningful in human communication constitute the phonic medium of language. How many stages does the speech chain consist of? What activities are involved in the speech chain? Generally, the study of phonetics is composed of three separate fields: articulatory phonetics: dealing with the identification and classification of individual sounds, the nature of speech sounds and how they are produced acoustic phonetics: focusing on the analysis and the measurement of sound waves auditory phonetics: concerned with the reception of speech. The human speech organs The pharyngeal cavity: glottis; vocal cords; larynx（喉） The oral cavity: uvula; soft palate; the hard palate; teeth ridge; the teeth; the lips; the tongue The nasal cavity: the nose Classification o