初中英语句子成分和基本句型.ppt

* 直接宾语和间接宾语 及物动词作谓语时，后面要跟宾语，宾语分直接宾语和间接宾语。直接宾语是及物动词的对象。但有些动词除了直接宾语外，还需要有一个间接宾语，间接宾语表语动作是对谁做的，所以只能用名词或代词来充当。 如： We brought them some food. 主 谓 间宾 直宾 间接宾语可以放在直接宾语后面，但必须加to 或 for。 * 宾语的补足语（object complement） 在英语的句子中有些句子里只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思，还必须在宾语后面加上宾语的补足语才能表达完整的意思。我们把“宾语＋宾语补足语”合起来称为复合宾语。复合宾语所表达的意思相当于一个巨资的意思。名词、动词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、现在分词、过去分词都可以作宾语补足语. * 名词作宾补 If you let me go, I’ll make you king. 形容词作宾补 Don’t make your hands dirty. 副词作宾补 We found Li Ming out when we arrived. 介词短语作宾补 Make yourself at home. 省略to的不定式作宾补 I saw a girl go into the building. 带to的不定式作宾补 The boy ordered the dog to lie down. 现在分词作宾补 The boss kept them working all day. 过去分词作宾补 Yesterday he got his leg broken. * 在英语中,常见的“宾语＋宾语补足语”的结构有： “宾语+名词”。常用于改结构的动词有：call, name, make, find, choose, think, leave等。 We call him Jack. They made Li Lei their monitor. ▲“宾语+形容词”。常见的动词有think, believe, leave, drive, make, keep, turn, wish, want等。如： Do you think his idea wrong? We must keep our classroom clean. We can’t leave him alone. Can you get everything ready for the party before Friday? * “宾语+副词”。 副词作宾补常表示宾语的状态，与宾语有逻辑上的主表关系。 常见的副词有：down, up, here, there, home, in, out, anywhere等。如： Let him in/ out. Mr. Li drove us home. When got there, we found him out. ▲“宾语+介词短语”。 介词短语作宾补常表示其逻辑主语（即宾语）所处的状态，两者有主表的关系。如： We found everything in good order. We regard him as our good friend. He opened the door and found some of his friends in the rain. * “宾语+不定式”。充当宾补的不定式有三种： A 要求带to的不定式 The cool water of the lake invited us to swim. B 要求不带to 的不定式 let, make, see, hear, watch等 The boss made the workers work 12 hours a day. I often hear him read English in his room. C 单词help 后可加 to 或不加 to She sometimes helps her mother (to) do housework. ▲“宾语+现在分词”。现在分词作宾补， 此时在该句型中的宾语即为现在分词逻辑上的主语，有着主谓关系。 I saw them playing on the playground. I heard Mary singing in the classroom. ▲“宾语+过去分词”。宾语和宾补之间是被动关系，过去分词表示被动和完成。 I had my bike stolen. The teacher explained again and again to make himself understood. * 形式宾语＋形容词 We found i