化合物英文命名规则.ppt

Supplementary Information of Specialty English(专业英语补充信息） ——Nomenclature of compounds（化合物构词法） Zhang Baohua College of Environmental Chemical Engineering zhangbh@shu.edu.cn I. Nomenclature of inorganic compounds（无机化合物构词法） 1. Trivial name （俗名） H2O water CaO quicklime （生石灰） NH3 ammonia （复）ammonium（单） K2CO3 potash（草木灰） CaCO3 limestone （石灰石） Hg2Cl2 Calomel (甘汞)  I. Nomenclature of inorganic compounds 2. If there are only two elements in the compounds（化合物）, it is customary（习惯上） to name the more metallic（金属性） element first and the less metallic, or more electronegative（电负性） element second, with the suffix（后缀） “ide”. 若化合物中仅有两种元素，习惯上先命名金属性强的元素，后命名金属性弱的元素，再加上ide作为后缀 K potassium Na sodium Ca calcium Ba barium S sulfur H hydrogen Cl chlorine Br bromine O oxygen I iodine  I. Nomenclature of inorganic compounds 3. For compounds containing still only two elements but more than two atoms（原子）, the prefixes （前缀）“mono-”, “di-”, “tri-”, etc. become necessary. 对于仅含两种元素、但多于两个原子的化合物，加“mono-”, “di-”, “tri-”等前缀很有必要 (1)mono-, (2)di-, (3)tri-, (4)tetra-, (5)penta-, (6)hex-, (7)hept-, (8)octa- Cl2O di-chlorine monoxide ClO chlorine monoxide ClO2 chlorine dioxide ClO3 chlorine trioxide Cl2O7 di-chlorine heptoxide ClO4 chlorine tetroxide I. Nomenclature of inorganic compounds And “-ous”, “-ic” were also used to denote（表示） the lower and higher metallic state. 用“-ous”表示低价化合物，用“-ic” 表示高价化合物 I. Nomenclature of inorganic compounds CuI cuprous iodide CuI2 cupric iodide FeBr2 ferrous bromide FeBr3 ferric bromide SnCl2 stannous chloride SnCl4 stannic chloride HNO3 nitric acid HNO2 nitrous acid Nomenclature of inorganic compoundsThe element symbols not from English  I. Nomenclature of inorganic compounds 4. A class of compounds in which such prefixes are seldom used is that in which the metal a