哈医大流行病学绪论.pptVIP

流行病学绪论Introduction of Epidemiology 医学 Medicine Basic medicine Clinical medicine Preventive medicine Epidemiology has always been a necessary part of medicine practice. 流行病学一直医学实践必不可少的部分 基础医学 临床医学 预防医学 医学之母 The mother of medicine Because, the epidemiology is from macro point of view to observe the any question. e.g. from macro point of view to study the disease and health. 因为流行病学是从宏观观察问题， 亦即从宏观研究疾病和健康 CONTENTS 目录 History Definition Methods Principle Application Features Prospect 历史 定义 方法 原理 应用 特点 展望 Brief History of Epidemiology 流行病学简史 学科形成前期  -18世纪 学科形成期  18世纪末-20世纪初 学科发展期（现代流行病学时期） 20世纪40、50年代- Before the form of Epidemiology --1700s Forming of Epidemiology End of 1700s— beginning of 20 century Development of Epidemiology （Modern Epidemiology） 40s-50s of 20 century 一、学科形成前期-18世纪 The Black Death in Europe ca.1300s  欧洲黑死病 Graunt’s Observations Excess of males over females among births but higher mortality in males High infant mortality rate Seasonal variation in morbidity Acute versus chronic diseases Urban versus rural mortality Rural migration to the city First attempts at a life table 出生时男性多于女性，但男性死亡高 婴儿死亡率高 发病呈季节变动 比较急性与慢性疾病 城市与农村死亡比较 农村象城市流动 首次尝试寿命表 Sir Percivall Pott: 1775 English surgeon in London We all best known for “Pott’s fracture” He is one of earliest accounts of cause and effect linkage for an occupational carcinogen. He found that the scrotal cancer was particularly in the workers of Chimney (stovepipe) cleaning Sir Percivall Pott: 1775 Ten leading causes of death 1900 and 1990 Children of Polio脊髓灰质炎患儿 Features （特点）: （2）Research method from Survey and analysis to qualitative and quantitative combined, and macroscopic and microscopic combined 研究方法从调查分析到定性和定量结合，宏观与微观结合 (3) Social behavior factors is very important 社会行为因素非常重要 (4) The