2018年初中八种时态归纳.docVIP

初中八种时态归纳 　　① 一般现在时 　　一.意义:表示通常性、规律性、习惯性、真理性的状态或者动作的一种时间状态。 　　二.一般现在时有两种结构,一种是动词原形,用于主语为非第三人称时的情况;另一种 为动词的第三人称单数形式,用于主语为第三人称单数时的情况。 　　1. We often get up early in the morning. 　　2. We don’ t get up early in the morning. 　　2. My father often gets up early in the morning. 　　3. My father doesn’ t get up early in the morning. 　　三.动词第三人称单数变化规则 　　动词第三人称变化的规则与可数名词复数变化的规则相同。 　　(1)一般在词尾加 -s 。 如:looks, puts. reads, sees等。 　　(2)以 -o, -s, -x, -sh, -ch结尾的加 -es 。 如:goes, does, misses, passes, mixes, fixes, pushes, wishes, watches, teaches,washes等。 　　(3)辅音字母加 y 结尾的,变 y 为 i ,再加 -es 。注意一定是辅音字母加 y 才变,若是元音 字母(a,e,i,o,u )加 y ,则直接加 -s 。 　　如:fly → flies, try → tries, fry → fries, copy → copies , study → studies 　　buy → buys, enjoy → enjoys, play → plays, say → says, pay → pays 　　(4)特殊情况:have → has 　　四.一般现在时的用法 　　(1)表示经常性, 习惯性, 永久性的动作或存在的状态 . 通常与副词 sometimes, often, usually, always, every day (year, month ), once (twice, three times) a day,等时间状语连用。 　　1. They usually go to school by bike. 　　2. I take the medicine three times a day. 3. She helps her mother once a week. 　　4. Mary’ s father is a policeman. 　　5. There are 50 students in my class. 　　6. He sometimes goes to school on foot. 　　7. My father works in the hospital as a doctor. 　　(2)表示客观真理,科学原理,自然现象,等客观事实或格言,谚语等。 　　1.The sun rises in the east and sets in the west every day. 　　太阳从东方升起西方落下。 　　2.The man who has never been to the Great Wall is not a real man. 　　不到长城非好汉。 　　五.一般现在时的句型转换 　　(1)当句子中有 be 动词或情态动词时, 则把 be 动词或情态动词 (can,could等等 ) 提到主语的前 面变成疑问句 ; 在 be 动词或情态动词后面加 not 变成否定句 . 　　例:①陈述句:She is a student. 　　疑问句→ Is she a student? 　　否定句→ She is not a student. 　　②陈述句:I can swim. 　　疑问句→ Can you swim 　　否定句→ I can not swim. 　　(2) 当句子中即没有 be 动词,也没有情态动词时,则在主语前加助动词 do (you,以及复数 ), does(单数 she,he,it) 变成问句 ; 在主语后谓语动词前加助动词 don ’ t(I,you,以及复数 ), doesn’ t(单 数 she,he,it) 变成否定句,助动词后的动词要变成动词原形。 　　例:①陈述句:We get up at 7:00 every morning. 　　疑问句→ Do you get up at 7:00 every morning? 　　否定句→ We don’ t get up at 7:00 every morning. 　　②陈述句:She has a little brothe