数据通信与网络04-信号-2.ppt

Chapter 4 SIGNALS Main contents 4.1 Analog and Digital 4.2 Aperiodic and periodic signals 4.3 Analog signal 4.4 Digital signals Introductions of Signals A major concern of the physical layer is moving information in the form of electromagnetic signals across a transmission medium. Information can be voice, image, numeric data, characters, or code-any message that is readable by and has meaning to the destination user, whether human or machine. ※ Generally, the information usable to person or application is not can be transmitted over a network. Introductions of Signals Even 1s and 0s cannot be send as such across networks links. They must be further converted into a form that transmission media can accept. Introductions of Signals 4.1 Analog and Digital Both data and the signals that represent them can take either analog or digital form. Analog refers to something that is continuous – a set of specific points of data and all possible points between. Digital refers to something that is discrete. 4.1 Analog and Digital 4.1 Analog and Digital Digital signals1. A digital signal is discrete.2. Digital signal have only a limited number of defined values. 4.2 Aperiodic and Periodic signals Both analog and digital signals can be of two forms: periodic and aperiodic (non-periodic). 4.2.1 Periodic Signals A signal is periodic if it completes a pattern within a measurable time frame, called a period, and repeats that pattern over identical subsequent periods. The completion of one full pattern is called cycle. A period is defined as the amount of time required to complete one full cycle, and expressed in seconds. 4.2.1 Periodic Signals 4.2.2 Aperiodic Signals A non-periodic signal changes constantly without exhibiting a pattern or cycle that repeats over time. ※By a technique called a Fourier transform (傅立叶变换), any aperiodic signal can be decomposed into an infinite number of periodic signals. 4.2.2 Aperiodic Signals 4.3 Analog Signals Analog signals can be classifi