微积分教学资料——chapter9.ppt

Let ,then Substituting and into the equation, we have Example Solve Solution Let ,then Substituting and into the equation, we have Substituting back in for p, we have is the general solution of the equation. Exercises Definition: The chang is called the difference of at and is denoted by where Difference Equations Example Find and Solution By the definition of the difference, we have Properties of Difference Example If ,Find Solution the second-order difference the three-order difference Otherwise Example If , Find and Solution we have or Definition A difference equation is an equation that contains an unknown function and its differences. General Difference Equations Two forms can be transformed into each other. The order of a difference equation is the maximum difference between the subscripts of unknown functi- on. Definition nth-order difference equation Second-order difference equation A function f is called a solution of a difference equation if the equation is satisfied when y=f(x) is substituted into the equation. Definition an nth-order equation has an nth-parameter family of solutions and it is also called general solution. If specific values are assigned to each of the arbitrary constants in an nth-parameter family of solutions, then the resulting solution is called a particular solution. Specific values for constants are usually determined by imposing additional conditions, called side conditions or initial conditions, and the problem of finding a solution of the differential eqution that satisfies the initial condition is called an initial-value problem. An initial-value problem If the differential equation has the form (3) where a(≠0), b, and c are consta