宏观经济学-第六章.ppt

主动学习 2 失业率的局限 主动学习 2 参考答案 主动学习 2 参考答案 主动学习 2 参考答案 主动学习 3 概念的应用 主动学习 3 参考答案 主动学习 3 参考答案 主动学习 3 参考答案 内容提要 失业率是那些想要工作但没有工作的人所占的百分比 不同人口群体的失业和劳工参与状况差别很大 自然失业率是指失业率围绕它而波动的正常失业率。周期性失业是失业率对自然失业率的背离，和短期经济波动相关 内容提要 自然失业率包括摩擦性失业和结构性失业 当工人花时间去寻找合适的工作时，就会产生摩擦性失业 当实际工资高于均衡工资导致劳动过剩时，便会产生结构性失业 实际工资高于均衡工资的三个原因：最低工资法，工会和效率工资 * 下面哪个最有可能减少摩擦性失业？ 政府增加失业保险补助 E. 部门转移更加频繁 这些可能增加而不是减少摩擦性失业 * 下面哪个最有可能减少摩擦性失业？ D. 更多的工人将他们的简历发到巨兽（M）网站，更多的雇主通过巨兽网站寻找合适的工人 这会加快工人与工作之间的匹配过程，减少摩擦性失业 自然失业率的解释：一个总结 自然失业率由以下组成： 摩擦性失业 寻找合适的工作需要时间 供选择的工作足够多时，更有可能出现 结构性失业 工资高于均衡工资，没有足够的工作 最低工资，工会，效率工资 在接下来的章节中，我们将学习周期性失业和受商业周期影响的失业的短期波动 0 * * * Many of the following slides abbreviate “unemployment rate” as “u-rate” to reduce slide clutter and to reduce the note-taking burden on students. * If you need to get through this chapter more quickly, you might consider omitting some of the following slides. However, I recommend that you keep the slide showing unemployment rates by education level – it is excellent motivation for students to complete their degree program! * Within either racial group, males have higher participation rates than females. Blacks have far higher unemployment rates than whites. This is of great concern to many economists and policymakers. Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor , look for latest “employment situation” * As one would expect, teens have lower participation rates and higher unemployment rates than adults. What is striking, though, are the racial disparities: the proportion of white teens in the labor force, getting skills and experience that will help them later as adult job market participants, is far higher than the black teen participation rate. And the unemployment rate for black teens is far higher than for white teens. Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor , look for latest “employment situation” * Compared to the national average, unemployment is higher for Hispanics and lower for Asi