控制测量 第四章.pptVIP

* 外部符合精度，每台仪器出厂时的标准精度也是外部符合精度。 2、外符合精度 定义——用测距仪在基线上比测后，所得到的量测值与基线值比较而求得的精度指标。 全面反映测距的误差影响 每台仪器出厂时的标准精度是___(内/外)符合精度？ 复习题 1、电磁波测距仪有哪些分类方法？各是如何分类的? 2、相位式测距仪测距的求距基本公式和基本原理是什么？试简述其中的N值确定方法。 3、何谓仪器加常数？如何测定？ 4、何谓周期误差？如何测定？ 5、何谓仪器乘常数？ 6、测距误差共有哪些？哪些属于比例误差？哪些属于固定误差？为什么？ 7、如何将距离观测值归算为标石中心对应的平距？ * * 布设的原则和方案——布网的依据 * 因瓦基线尺丈量精度很高。 用于电磁波测距仪的检定； 精密工程测量中还有应用。 * 温度变化很小；但分子结构不稳定。尺长随时间缓慢增长，经过若干年的陈化稳定后才能处长实用。 * 一尺接一尺地悬空丈量两点的基线长度； 两端施以一定的拉力，丈量的结果中加上相应的尺长改正，温度改正，悬链线改正； 相对精度几十万分之一到一百万分之一； * SCALE DETERMINATION IN TRIGONOMETRICAL CONTROL NETWORKS Trigonometric Base Line Extension * In 1949, Dr. Erik Bergstrand of Sweden introduced the Geodimeter (Geodetic Distance Measurement) that used light (550 nm wavelength) to measure geodetic quality distances (instrument weighed 100kg) Distance range was about 10km during daylight and 25km at night. * The picture above shows the remote unit of the CA1000 Tellurometer, which was used extensively in the 70’s and 80’s. This Geodimeter Model 6A is a portable and precise medium range electro-optical distance meter capable of measuring distances up to 10 kilometres in daylight and up to 25 kilometres in darkness. The instrument transmits a light beam (wavelength 550 nm), to which is applied a modulation of approximately 30 MHz (10 m), i.e. the light is intensity-modulated. The beam is directed onto a reflector at the distant station, from which it is reflected back to the instrument. The incoming light is received by a photo-multiplier (hence converted to an electrical signal) and the difference in phase between the transmitted and received modulations is measured. The Geodimeter basically consists of the following components: (1) Light source, (2) Electro-optical shutter, (3) Modulator, (4) Transmitting and receiving optical systems, and (5) Photo-multiplier and phase comparison unit. The light source is, for night and short-range daylight work, an ordinary tungsten-filament lamp; and for daylight operation over longer lines, a mercury-vap