药物化学作业.ppt

抗病毒药物研究进展 摘 要：病毒感染性疾病对人类的健康产生巨大的影响。抗肝炎病毒药物主要有干扰素类(如干扰素、聚乙二醇化干扰素等),核苷(酸)类(如恩曲他滨、拉米夫定、阿德福韦酯、恩替卡韦等),抗流感病毒药物(如肌苷单磷酸脱氧酶抑制药利巴韦林、干扰素诱导药盐酸阿比朵尔、M2蛋白离子通道抑制药金刚烷胺和金刚乙胺、神经氨酸酶抑制药奥司他韦和扎那米韦等),抗人类免疫缺陷病毒药物(齐多夫定、奈韦拉平、地拉韦定、依非韦伦等)。对抗病毒药物的研究已成为全球新药研究开发的一个重要课题。抗病毒药物面临抗药性突变株的挑战,为克服抗病毒药物存在的缺点,应尽可能寻找有效的新化学实体药物,并对已有的药物进行结构修饰,制备新的衍生物;寻找有效的药物载药释药系统,提高抗病毒药的疗效是目前研究重点。 　　　关键词：抗病毒药物；核苷类似物；非核苷类似物；蛋白酶抑制剂；RNAi技术； 反义寡核苷酸；核酶；人源化单克隆抗体 Research progress of antiviral drugs Abstract：Viral infections produce tremendous effect to human health diseases. Anti hepatitis B virus drugs include interferons (such as interferon, pegylated interferon and nucleoside (acid)), class (e.g., emtricitabine, lamivudine, adefovir, entecavir Cave), influenza virus drugs (such as inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase inhibitor, induced by interferon ribavirin drug arbidol hydrochloride, the M2 protein ion channel inhibitor amantadine and rimantadine, neuraminidase inhibitor oseltamivir and Zana Mi Vee), anti human immunodeficiency virus drugs (zidovudine and nevirapine, delavirdine Yifeiwei Lun, etc.). Study on antiviral drugs has become an important topic of global research and development of new drugs. Antiviral drug resistant mutant challenges facing, in order to overcome the disadvantages of antiviral drugs, should as far as possible to find a new chemical entity effective drugs, and drugs on the modification of derivatives, preparation of new; search for effective drug delivery system, improve the effect of antiviral drugs is the current research key. 　　　Key words：Antiviral drugs; nucleoside analogues; non nucleoside analogues; protease inhibitors; RNAi; antisense oligonucleotide; ribozyme; humanized monoclonal antibody 病毒药物研究进展 1 引 言：抗病毒药物的研究开发比较困难，但是近几年来取得了不少进展。这些进展主要体现在： (1)出现了较多新的抗病毒药，特别是抗逆转录病毒药和抗乙型肝炎病毒及抗流感病毒的新药，并在国内外临床上得到广泛应用； (2)近年开发的新型抗病毒药有反义寡核苷酸抗病毒制剂、人源化的抗病毒单克隆抗体，以及RNA干扰技术在抗病毒治疗中应用的研究十分活跃； (3)不同抗病毒制剂的联合治疗方案的应用取得了比单一药物治疗更好的疗效。本文简要介绍一般抗病毒药(即抗逆转录病