慢阻肺急性加重管理.pptVIP

* * * * * Other Treatment Options for AECB More as a preventative measure, local irritants such as dust, pollutants, or cigarette smoke should be removed. Symptomatic therapy for exacerbations in chronic bronchitis include bronchodilator therapy which may slow the decline of lung function in those 慢阻肺 patients who are bronchodilator responsive. Inhaled anticholinergic agents appear to produce greater bronchodilatation than inhaled ?-agonists. The role of long-acting inhaled ?-agonists is unclear but preliminary reports suggest that mild symptomatic improvement and small increases in pulmonary function are associated with their use (Balter and Grossman, 1997). Low-flow oxygen therapy should be administered if hypoxemia is present. It is important not to administer excess oxygen which may lead to progressive hypercapnia. The use of oral or IV corticosteroids is recommended for most patients with chronic bronchitis and demonstrable airflow obstruction during exacerbations. Although the optimal dose of corticosteroids is unknown, most clinicians prescribe prednisone in a daily dose of 30 to 40 mg, decreasing the dose to zero over the next 7 to 10 days. Theophylline products have less bronchodilator effect than ?2-agonists or anticholinergic agents (Balter and Grossman, 1997). * * * * 单用SABA或联用SAMA是临床上最常用的治疗方法（C类证据） 尚无临床研究评价单用LABA或联用ICS在AE慢阻肺中的作用 使用定量吸入装置（用或不用储雾罐）和雾化器对患者FEV1无显著差异，但后者可能对于重症患者来说使用更方便 静脉使用茶碱为二线用药，只用于短效支气管扩张剂疗效不佳的患者（B类证据） * 3％～5％的AE慢阻肺患者是由肺炎衣原体所致，AE慢阻肺 患者的肺炎衣原体感染率为60．9％，显著高于对照组(15．9％)，而慢阻肺稳定期患者的感染率为22．9％ 3％～5％的AE慢阻肺患者是由肺炎衣原体所致，AE慢阻肺 患者的肺炎衣原体感染率为60．9％，显著高于对照组(15．9％)，而慢阻肺稳定期患者的感染率为22．9％ 严重呼吸困难且具有呼吸肌疲劳或呼吸功增加的临床征象，或二者皆存在，如辅助呼吸肌的使用、腹部矛盾运动或肋间凹陷 * * 主要内容 AE慢阻肺的定义和诱因 1 AE慢阻肺的诊断和鉴别诊断 2 AE慢阻肺的临床严重程度评估 3 AE慢阻肺的治疗 4 AE慢阻肺的定义和诱因 1 AE慢阻肺的诊断和鉴别诊断 2 AE慢阻肺的临床严重程度评估 3 AE慢阻肺的治疗 4 慢阻肺急性加重的定义和诱因 1 慢阻肺急性加重的诊断和鉴别诊断 2 慢阻肺急性加重的临床严重程度评估 3 慢阻肺急性加重的治疗 4 慢阻肺急性加重的诊断 目前 诊断完全依赖于临床表现, 即患者主诉症状的突然变化（基线呼吸困难、咳嗽、和/或咳痰情况）超过日常变异范围 未来 可能会有一种或一组生物标记物可用来进行更精确的病因学诊断