《材料科学英语》-课件设计（公开）.pptVIP

1.1.4 Cast irons As stated earlier, we define cast irons as the ferrous alloys with greater than 2 w carbon. They also generally contain up to 3 w silicon for control of carbide formation kinetics. 1.1.4 Cast irons Cast irons have relatively low melting temperatures and liquid phase viscosities, do not form undesirable surface films when poured, and undergo moderate shrinkage during solidification and cooling. 1.1.4 Cast irons The cast irons must balance good formability of complex shapes against inferior mechanical properties compared to wrought alloys. 1.1.4 Cast irons Wrought alloys are initially cast but are rolled or forged into final, relatively simple shapes ( in fact, “wrought” simply means “worked”) 1.1.4 Cast irons There are four general types of cast irons. White iron has a characteristic white, crystalline fracture surface. Large amounts of Fe3C are formed during casting, giving a hard, brittle material. 1.1.4 Cast irons Gray iron has a gray fracture surface with a finely faceted structure. A significant silicon content(2 w to 3 w) promotes graphite (C) precipitation rather than cementite (Fe3C). 1.1.4 Cast irons The sharp, pointed graphite flakes contribute to characteristic brittleness in gray iron. By adding a small amount(0.05w) of magnesium to the molten metal of the gray iron composition, spheroidal graphite precipitates rather than flakes are produced. 1.1.4 Cast irons This resulting ductile iron derives its name from the improved mechanical properties. Ductility is increased by a factor of 20, and strength is doubled. 1.1.4 Cast irons A more traditional form of cast iron with reasonable ductility is malleable iron, which is first cast as white iron and then heat treated to produce nodular graphite precipitates. questions The name “cast iron” derives from the fact that there is only iron in cast irons (T/F) How is malleable cast iron obtained? What is the function of the element of magnesium when it is added into the cast iron? 1.2Heat Treat