2014考研英语阅读理解之词义题破解之道20130820141201.docVIP

2014考研英语：阅读理解之词义题破解之道 在英语学习中，我们自然会遇到许多生词。这时，许多人立即翻阅字典，查找词义。其实，这种做法是不科学的。它不但费时费力，而且影响阅读速度。事实上，阅 读材料中的每个词与它前后的词语或句子甚至段落有着互相制约的关系。我们可以利用语境（各种已知信息）推测、判断某些生词的词义。 综上所述，利用各种已知信息推测、判断词义是一项重要的阅读技巧。在实践中，我们可以灵活运用，综合运用上面提到的几种猜测技巧，排除生词的障碍，顺利理 解文章的思想内容，提高阅读速度。 所以考生应重点避免以下两种情况：第一，考生往往会随便猜一个选项，错误率很高。第二种情况下，考生往往落入命题专家的陷阱，不知不觉地失了分，原因是考 生并没有掌握阅读词汇题的基本命题原则。在阅读部分的词考研英语汇题要考的并不是考生认不认识题中所考的单词，否则便是命题失效。此处要考的是考生阅读中的推 断能力，也就是说题中所考单词的词义必定能根据上下文推断出来。所以考生在遇到阅读中的词汇题时，一定要冷静，去上下文中细找，推断出词义后，可将词义代入原 文看是否通畅。 例如2003年第54题： Railroads justify rate discrimination against captive shippers on the grounds that in the long run it reduces everyone s cost. If railroads charged all customers the same average rate, they argue, shippers who have the option of switching to trucks or other forms of transportation would do so, leaving remaining customers to shoulder the cost of keeping up the line. It s a theory to which many economists subscribe, but in practice it often leaves railroads in the position of determining which companies will flourish and which will fail. Do we really want railroads to be the arbiters of who wins and who loses in the marketplace? asks Martin Bercovici, a Washington lawyer who frequently represents shippers. The word arbiters most probably refers to those . who work as coordinators who function as judges who supervise transactions who determine the price 该题的解题关键在于是否知道arbiters后的介宾短语of who wins and who loses in the marketplace就是对该词的最准确定义，依据该介宾短语，不难得出 arbiters是决定谁输谁赢的人，四个选项中只有B选项医学考研论坛和这个意思最为接近。 再例2004年第43题： For any job search, you should start with a narrow concept—what you think you want to do—then broaden it. None of these programs do that广 says another expert. There’s no career counseling implicit in all of this. Instead, the best strategy is to use the agent as a kind of tip service to keep abreast of jobs in a particular database; when you get , consider it a reminder to check the database again. I would not rely on agents for finding everything that is added to a database that might