高考英流语语法复习系列之1---定语从句.docVIP

语法学习贵在理解及运用 PAGE PAGE 1 高考英语语法复习系列之1定语从句 Part one基础知识 I. 定语可以由形容词、代词、数词、名词、分词、不定式、介词短语等来担任，修饰名词。(以分词、介词短语为例） 例：The girl behind the tree is Kate. The man driving too fast was a drunk 在英语中，修饰名词或代词的句子叫定语从句。 例：The girl who is behind the tree is Kate. The man who was driving too fast was a drunk 定语从句起了形容词的作用，在句中修饰一个名词或代词。被修饰的词叫做先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词，他的作用一是放在先行词与定语从句中间起了连接作用，二是在从句中担当一个成分，并与先行词保持数的一致。 普通代词与关系代词的区别 I have a sister. She works in Shanghai. she 代替 sister I have a sister who/that works in Shanghai. 普通代词：只起代替的作用（如上例she) 关系代词： （如上例who/that） 1. 除了代替先行词外， 2.它还在定语从句中担任一定的成分， 3. 同时连接先行词与它引导的定语从句。（把主句和从句连起来） 关系词 先行词 从句成分 例句 备注 关系代词 who 人 主语 Do you know the man who is talking with your mother? whom, which和that在从句中做宾语时，常可以省略，但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略，也不可以用that whom 人 宾语 Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am working The boy (whom) she loved died in the war.. whose 人，物 定语 I like those books whose topics are about history. The boy whose father works abroad is my deskmate. that 人，物 主语，宾语 A plane is a machine that can fly. She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much. which 物 主语，宾语 The book (which) I gave you was worth $10. The picture which was about the accident was terrible. as 人，物 主语，宾语 He is such a person as is respected by all of us. This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. as做宾语一般不省略 关系副词 when 时间 时间状语 I will never forget the day when we met there. 可用on which where 地点 地点状语 This is the house where I was born. 可用in which why 原因 原因状语 I can’t imagine the reason why he turned down my offer. 可用for which II. 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别： 类别 语法意义及特征 例句 限制性定语从句 对先行词起修饰限制作用，如果去掉，主句意思就不完整明确，这种从句与主句的关系十分密切，写时不用逗号分开。 The accident happened at the time when I left. 非限制性定语从句　 对先行词作附加的说明，与主句的关系不十分密切，较松散。从句和主句之间用逗号分开，相当于一个插入语，不能用that引导，关系代词做宾语时也不能省略。 His mother, whom he loved deeply, died ten years ago. III. 关系词的选用与判断 　 正确选择关系词是掌握定语从句的关键。关系词的选择完全取决于先行词在定语从句中所充当的什么成分。关系词一共有九个，它们在从句中所充当的句子成分见下表。 关系词 主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 说　明 that 人/物 人/物 √ × √ 不能用于非限定性从句 which 物 物 × × √