离散数学杨争锋ch22.pptxVIP

(2) Definition 2 (intersection) Let A and B be sets. The intersection of the sets A and B, denoted by A∩B, is the set containing those elements in both A and B. A∩B = { x | x∈A /\ x∈B } {1,3,5}∩{1,2,3} = {1,3} 牛牛文库文档分享(3) Definition 3 (page 122) Two sets are called disjoint if their intersection is the empty set. Example 5 (page 87) Let A={1,3,5,7,9} and B={2,4,6,8,10}. Since A∩B=? , A and B are 牛牛文库文档分享(5) For two finite sets A and B, we have: |A∪B| = |A|+|B|-| A∩B | Please explain it via Venn D 牛牛文库文档分享(5) Definition 4 (the difference of two sets, 差集) Let A and B be sets. The difference of A and B, denoted by A-B, is the set that containing those elements that are in A but not in B. The difference of A and B is also called the complement of B with respect to A (关于A的集合B的补集) A-B={x | x∈A /\ x notin B } Please explain it via Venn D 牛牛文库文档分享 Example 6 (page 123) {1,3,5}-{1,2,3} = ? {1,2,3}-{1,3,5} = ? 牛牛文库文档分享(6) Definition 5 (complement of a set, 补集) Let U be universal set (全集). The complement of the set A, denoted by ~A, is the complement of A with respect to U. ~A = U-A ~A = { x | x notin A} Please explain it via Venn D 牛牛文库文档分享 Example 8 (page 124) A={a,e,i,o,u} Uthe set of letters of the English alphabet ~A = ? Example 9 (page 124) Athe set of positive integers greater than 10 Uall positive integers ~A = ? 牛牛文库文档分享2. Set identities (集合的恒等式)Introduction Table 1 (page 124) Note: We will explain the Chinese name (定律的中文名字) of each law via blackboard.(2) Example 10 (page 125) Prove that ~(A∩B ) = ~A ∪~B.Solution: (a) Left ? Right (b) Right ? L 牛牛文库文档分享(3) Use set builder notation and logical equivalence to show that ~(A∩B ) = ~A ∪~BProof: See page 125 牛牛文库文档分享(4) Example 12 (page 125) Prove that A∩(B∪C) = (A∩B)∪(A∩C) for all sets A, B, C.Proof See 牛牛文库文档分享(4) Use a membership table to show that A∩(B∪C) = (A∩B)∪(A∩C)Proof See book (page 126). 牛牛文库文档分享Let A, B, and C be sets. Show that ~(A ∪(B ∩ C)) = (~C∪~B)∩~AProof: By using the set identities proved prev