英国文学史及选读---Part-VI---The-18th-century--2.pptVIP

Part VI The 18th Century 2 Daniel Defoe I. Life and career Daniel Defoe, Writer Born: c. 1661 Birthplace: London, England Died: 24 April 1731 (natural causes) Best Known As: The author of Robinson Crusoe Daniel Defoe  Daniel Defoe I. Life and career The English novelist, journalist, poet, and government intelligence agent Daniel Defoe wrote more than 500 books, pamphlets, articles, and poems. Among the most productive authors of the Augustan Age, he was the first of the great 18th-century English novelists. I. Life and careera businessman Daniel Defoe was the son of a dissenting London tallow chandler (牛脂烛制造人, 卖脂烛的商人) or butcher. He early thought of becoming a Presbyterian minister, and in the 1670s he attended the Reverend (牧师) Charles Mortons famous academy near London. In 1684 he married Mary Tuffley, who brought him a handsome dowry. They had seven children. Defoe participated briefly in the abortive Monmouth Rebellion of 1685 but escaped capture and punishment. I. Life and careera businessman From 1685 through 1692 he engaged in trade in London as a wholesale hosier (袜商, 针织品商), importer of wine and tobacco, and part owner and insurer of ships. In later life he also dealt in real estate and manufactured bricks. He was plagued by the threat of bankruptcy throughout his life and faced imprisonment for debt and libel (诽谤；中伤) seven times. I. Life and career a Dissenter Arrested in 1703 for having published The Shortest Way with the Dissenters (不服从英国国教的新教徒) in 1702, Defoe was tried and sentenced to stand in the pillory (颈手枷) 3 days in July. Himself a Dissenter he mimicked the bloodthirsty rhetoric of High Anglican Tories (高英国国教保守分子 ) and pretended to argue for the extermination of all Dissenters. I. Life and career a Dissenter Nobody was amused, Defoe was arrested in May 1703, but released in return for services as a pamphleteer and intelligence agent for the government. While in prison Defoe wrote a mock ode, HYMN TO THE PILLORY (17