英国文学The-Pilgrims-Progress.pptVIP

Types of Allegory 3. Modern allegory Since meaningful stories are nearly always applicable to larger issues, allegories may be read into many stories, sometimes distorting their authors overt meaning. For instance, many people have suggested that The Lord of the Rings is an allegory for the World Wars, in spite of J. R. R. Tolkiens emphatic statement in the introduction to the second edition, It is neither allegorical nor topical.... I cordially dislike allegory in all its manifestations, and always have done so since I grew old and wary enough to detect its presence. Where some requirements of realism, in its flexible meanings, are set aside, allegory can come more strongly to the surface, as in the work of Bertold Brecht on one hand, or on the other in science fiction and fantasy, where an element of universal application and allegorical overtones are common, as with The Chronicles of Narnia. 人生---朝圣者们的艰辛历程 人---天路的朝圣者 基督寻求救赎的朝圣历程---人类摆脱世界烦恼和焦虑，追求美好永恒未来的过程 Symbolism Symbols Houses Certainly many houses in the book are places of imprisonment; places where movement is denied and salvation rejected. Giant Despair‘s Doubting Castle exemplifies a house that thwarts阻挠 pilgrims’ movement forward by holding them hostage人质. Christians Certificate Christians certificate, or the roll that he receives from the one of the three Shining Ones after losing his burden, symbolizes Christians first accomplishment toward salvation. Gates Gates test spiritual faith and commitment. To reach the Celestial City, Christian and Christiana not only have to avoid a number of dangerous creatures and slippery滑的 sloughs沼泽\泥潭 and hills, but they must pass through two gates. These gates are important because not just anyone can pass, as seen with other characters, such as Ignorance. Sleep Sleep represents a symbol that can either be inspirational or paralyzing on a pilgrims journey toward the Celestial City. Whenever the pilgrims grow sleepy on their journey, danger awaits. The Wilde