澳洲大学石油工程讲座60-0125-basics-of-natural-gas-and-natural-gas-liquids.pptVIP

Rike Service, Inc. BASICS OF NATURAL GAS AND NATURAL GAS LIQUIDS * Published by Rike Service, Inc. New Orleans, Louisiana (USA) All rights reserved, including the right to reproduce, alter or delete any of this material without written permission, except brief extracts for review. Laws Natural gas and natural gas liquids behave in predictable fashion, in accordance with natural laws. Boyle’s Law: If temperature of a body of gas is held constant and volume is changed, absolute pressure varies inversely as the volume: P1V1 = P2V2 = M (a constant) (with T constant) Charles’ Law: If pressure of a body of gas is held constant and the temperature is changed, volume will vary directly as the absolute temperature: V1/T1 = V2/T2 = N (a constant) (with P constant) Avagadro’s Law: The same number of molecules of any gas occupies the same space if at the same pressure and temperature. Mol volume is that volume occupied by molecules of 1 pound mol of gas, and is 379.5 cubic feet at 60°F and 14.7 psia. That volume will contain 2.75 x 1026 molecules of any gas. Ideal Gas Law: Combining the above, it may be written: (PV/T) = nR where n is the number of mols. If standard conditions in English units are substituted, R = 10.73 and is called the universal gas constant. Real Gas Law: The ideal gas law neglects molecule size and intermolecular attractions and yields some inaccurate results. When an empirical compressibility factor, Z, is applied as a correction, the “Ideal” gas law becomes the “Real” gas law: (PV/T) = ZnR Z factors for natural gases available in the GPSA Engineering Data Book. Raoult’s Law: The partial pressure of a component is proportional to its molal concentration: p = PTy = Px Where: p = partial pressure PT = total pressure y = mole fraction in vapor phase P = vapor pressure at solution temperature x = mole fraction in liquid phase Dalton’s Law: The pressure exerted on a containing vessel by a mixture of two or more