课件张惠娟副教授mshj163com.pptVIP

格式化 物理块 Boot Block bad Block Disk Management * Disk Management 格式化 Low-level formatting, or physical formatting Dividing a disk into sectors that the disk controller can read and write. A sector : header、trailer 、data ECC 磁盘出厂的时候就做好了 * 高级格式化 To use a disk to hold files, the operating system still needs to record its own data structures on the disk. Partition the disk into one or more groups of cylinders. Logical formatting or “making a file system”. Disk Management * 物理块 存储设备常常划分为若干大小相等的物理块,所有块统一编号。 以块为单位进行信息的存储、传输，分配 Disk Management * Boot block Boot block initializes system. The bootstrap is stored in ROM. 缺点：修改困难 Bootstrap loader program in boot ROM. The full bootstrap is stored in a partion called Boot block,a fixed location on the disk. Disk Management * Bad blocks IDE，bad block are handled manually. 如，Format。 SCSI，sector sparing Sector slipping Disk Management * Swap-Space use Swap-Space location Swap-Space management Swap-Space Management * Swap-Space Management Swap-space use Virtual memory uses disk space as an extension of main memory. used in various ways by different os,depending on the implemented memory-management algorithms. some os allow the use of multiple swap spaces. * Swap-space location can be carved out of the normal file system inefficient external fragmentation more commonly, it can be in a separate disk partition. For speed, rathe than for stoage efficiency. Internal fragmentation Swap-Space Management * Swap-space management 4.3BSD allocates swap space when process starts; holds text segment (the program) and data segment. Kernel uses swap maps to track swap-space use. Swap-Space Management * * 张惠娟 副教授 Ms.zhj@163.com 实用操作系统概念 * 内容框架 概述 体系结构 进程管理 内存管理 文件管理 外设管理 * 内容 Chp 13: Mass storage Structure Chp 11: File system * Module 13: Mass storage Structure Disk Structure Disk Scheduling Disk Management Swap-Space Management Disk Reliability * Disk Structure 外存特点 磁带 磁盘 光盘 使用要求 * 特点