托福阅读学科背景-3考古-历史.pptVIP

历史考古 History and Archeology 董笛 SPARTA 斯巴达 Sparta was a Greek city-state. Sparta was very powerful and had its own army. Sparta conquered other city-states to gain wealth and power. Sparta warriors 勇士： Young boys were taken from their parents and trained to be soldiers as well as good in sports such as running. Athens 雅典 Athens became the world’s first democracy around 508 B.C. A democracy is a government in which all citizens can vote and have equal say in what happens. Demography 人口统计学 Epidemic 流行的，传染的；流行病，时疫 Democrat 民主主义者 Democracy 民主；民主政治，民主政体 常见的时间标志 B.C. =Before Christ 主前 A.D.=Anno Domini 主后 Socrates 苏格拉底 Socrates was a philosopher of Ancient Greece. Socrates taught by asking questions. This method of questioning is still called the Socratic method. Plato 柏拉图 He started a school called The Academy. Platos writing took the form of a dialogue between teacher and student. Aristotle Aristotle was another Greek philosopher and student of Plato. He wrote about science, art, law, poetry, and government. Classical Greek Art Copied by the Romans Set lasting standards Other achievements in literature, art, drama, etc., many considered classics today. Many Europes traditions/cultural standards began with “Golden Age” Greeks emphasized the individual—thus excelled 胜出at portraying the human form In both painting and sculpture Portray 画，描绘 Sculpture 雕塑 A fable is a story that ends with a lesson to be learned. A legend is a popular story that has been told over and over again about something that happened in the near or far past. A myth is a story about one or more magical deities. 荷马史诗： Epic史诗: A long narrative 叙事的poem about a legendary hero. Homer荷马: Wrote the Illiad 伊利亚特and the Odyssey 奥德赛- stories about the war between the Trojans and the Greeks which had happened between 900 and 700 B.C.E. Illiad:Story of the last year of the Trojan War The War lasted 10 years. Troy was defeated when Ulysses and his men were able to get inside the wa