奥斯瓦比重瓶.PDF

Lab-4 page 1 / 25 普化實驗 (上)- #4 奧斯瓦比重瓶 Ostwald Pycnometer (measuring specific gravity) Lab-4 Oswald Pycnometer Lab-4 page 2 / 25 Ostwald Pycnometer 1. principles operation 2. equipment 3. calculations 4. an example in text 5. professional ethics Lab-4 Oswald Pycnometer Lab-4 page 3 / 25 Principles (1/9) • Ostwald pycnometer is an equipment for measuring the specific gravity of a sample • very useful for solid samples of irregular shapes • in chapter 1 (text, p.10, Eq.1.1), density (d) is defined as “the mass of an object divided by its volume” m g d = V [=] cm3 • the specific gravity (sp.gr) is defined as “the ratio of mass of a sample to that of an equal volume of a standard substance” Lab-4 Oswald Pycnometer Lab-4 page 4 / 25 Principles (2/9) • often, pure water is chosen as the standard 3 substance, and for a volume of 1 cm , the sp.gr of a sample can be determined according to dsample sp.gr = dwater • relative density is currently used more often than specific gravity • in this experiment, the key is to find the volume of solid sample of irregular shape, by measuring the difference in mass between equal volume of the sample and water Lab-4 Oswald Pycnometer Lab-4 page 5 / 25 Principles (3/9) • knowing the dif