演示课的启发侯宗昆清大物理系博士生戴明凤清大物理系教授.DOCVIP

PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 1 演示課的啟發 侯宗昆、清大物理系博士生 , 戴明鳳、清大物理系教授 , 洪在明、清大物理系教授 , 2009物理教學與示範研討會 2009-08-20於 東吳大學 HYPERLINK .tw/physics/physdemo2009/ .tw/physics/physdemo2009/ 壹.教學目標 以熟悉的物理原理，解釋優美的物理現象、設計問題，以啟發主動求知的熱忱與學習態度。 貳.教學實例與啟發 一. 陀螺儀 陀螺儀原理的了解對大一新生較吃力， 藉此機會教導面對自己背景知識較欠缺的問題時， 如何從較直觀的書逐步讀起。 亦藉此機會比較用物理方法與數學方法， 處理陀螺儀原理的難易差別（了解原理的演示）。 二.從游標尺原理製作角度解析度， 精密到 有效數字小數第三位的量角器。 三.聲波與清大梅園月涵亭的回音， 故 梅校長對學子的啟發。 四.守恆系統的衰減與奈米碳管阻尼風袋， 對龍捲風、颱風的衰減。 五.由熱能平恆、可見光的特性解決溫室效應的問題; 渦電流等 參.演示課與正規實驗課的相互增益。 肆.展望 一. 陀螺儀 陀螺儀運動 量測Data Q1:Why having Precession ? Q2:Why having Nutation ? Q3:Why Precession going backward ? 陀螺儀原理 直觀解釋 Precession: due to r x Mg torque and making Angular momentum L spin Changed delta L spin ,that moving top precession along Z axis Nutation: in the instant direction parallel to this screen, there are no torque to change angular momentum, so the angular momentum in this instant plane need to be conserved. When precession started The Top mass with precession velocity will produce additional angular momentum L precession ,so the later precession orbit will changed (lower down as the case in picture) to get new spin angular momentum L new direction so that total angular momentum will equal to original angular momentum value (conserved). 1 dΦ/dt = (B – A Cosθ) /( Sinθ)2 ….(5 ) (please see next pages) = A/(Sinθ)2 . (B/A – cosθ) ， let u=cosθ = A/ (1-u2 ) . (B/A – u) , where A= (I3/I1) ωz , B=constant u=COSθ, the smallest angle θmin corresponds to the largest possible u value , if B/A is larger than this root u of f(u) Then the sign of dΦ/dt is fixed and we have the regular precession (where dΦ/dt no change sign): If B/A is lower into between the roots Then sign of dΦ/dt is changed as we have in the precession when we push top in the same direction of precession. Check: In eq5 , A= (I3/I1) ωz Top pushed in the same direction of precession mea