生物学内在难题.pptVIP

生物學內在的難題 楊倍昌 * 《工具論》 The Organon (Greek: ?ργανον meaning tool, organ) 是亞里士多德的後人對他的六篇關於邏輯的著作的統稱。這六篇分別是《範疇篇》，《解釋篇》，《前分析篇》，《後分析篇》，《論辯篇》和《辨謬篇》。 * Instrumentalism (工具論, 工具主義) In the philosophy of science, instrumentalism is the view that a scientific theory is a useful instrument in understanding the world. A concept or theory should be evaluated by how effectively it explains and predicts phenomena, as opposed to how accurately it describes objective reality. The usefulness of an instrumentalist position becomes particularly apparent in sciences where core concepts are likely to be fundamental