现在分词作状语有几种形式.pptVIP

The ing-form used as adverbial 现在分词作状语有四种形式 1.一般形式，由动词原形＋ing构成． 2.完成形式，由having+过去分词． 3.进行被动式：由being＋过去分词 4.完成被动式：由having been＋过去分词构成 现在分词的否定式是在一般式和完成式的 前面加not (never) 1.现在分词何时用一般形式? ⑴当分词的动作是由主语发出，而且和谓语动词同时发生，则用分词的一般形式． He was ill and didn’t attend the meeting. =Being ill, he didn’t attend the meeting. ⑵如果分词表示的是一个极短暂的动作,这动作一发生,谓语表示的动作立即发生,也用分词的一般形式. Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy. 2.现在分词何时用完成形式？ 当分词的动作是由主语发出，而且发生在谓语动作之前，则用分词的完成形式． Having finished the class, she went home. =After she finished the class… 3.现在分词何时用进行被动式？ 当分词的动作由主语承受，而且分词的动作与谓语动词同时发生时． Being criticized by the employer, the new employee hung his head. 4.现在分词何时用完成的被动式？ 当分词表示的动作在谓语所表示的动作之前发生，且分词表示的动作由主语承受． Having been praised for his job, Tom worked harder. 现在分词作状语相当于状语从句可表时间，原因，方式，伴随情况，结果或条件等 (1)相当于原因状语从句 a. Being ill, she didn’t g to school today. =As she is ill, … b. Having seen the film ,he didn’t go to the cinema with them. =Because he had seen the film ,… （2）相当于时间状语从句 Turning around (=When she turned around), she saw an ambulance driving up. (3)表示行为方式，伴随情况或补充说明等 The students went away, running and laughing. (4)表示结果 a. The old man died, leaving nothing but debts. b. we hurried to school ,finding there were no students in the school. (5)表示条件 If playing all day ,you will waste your valuable time. 注意1：不是每个状语从句都能用分词替换 只有当分词的逻辑主语是句子的主语时，才能用分词替换． We are sitting here, making notes. make的动作由主语我们发出 Being scolded by his mother, the boy hung his head. Scold 的动作由the boy承受 注意2：如果分词和句子没有逻辑上的主谓关系，则不能用单个的分词作状语，可以用分词的独立主格结构或状语从句． 现在分词的独立结构为名词或代词＋分词，名词或代词是分词的逻辑主语 Time permitting, I’ll call on you this Sunday. He entering the office, a letter was found on the ground. 分词作状语时,在少数情况下,其逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致,分词用来修饰全句 Judging from his accent, he seemed to be from Hunan province. =If we judge… Generally speaking, every spy has a contact. Considering his age, he was helped by the young fellow. * *