第三章 无线电波传播--小尺度衰落及多径传播(4)..pptVIP

Chapter 4 Small Scale Fading Multipath(2) Li Yicai Chongqing Jiaotong University School of Computer and Information Dept. Communication Engineering 4.5 Types of Small-Scale Fading Multipath delay spread leads to time dispersion and frequency selective fading. Doppler spread leads to frequency dispersion and time selective fading. Multipath delay spread and Doppler spread are independent of one another. 4.5 Types of Small-Scale Fading 4.5.1 Flat fading If the channel has a constant gain and linear phase response over a bandwidth which is greater than the bandwidth of the transmitted signal, the received signal will undergo flat fading. The received signal strength changes with time due to fluctuations in the gain for the channel caused by multipath. The received signal varies in gain but the spectrum of the transmission is preserved. 4.5.1 Flat fading 4.5.1 Flat fading Flat fading channel is also called amplitude varying channel. Also called narrow band channel: bandwidth of the applied signal is narrow as compared to the channel bandwidth. Time varying statistics: Rayleigh flat fading 4.5.1 Flat fading 4.5.2 Frequency Selective Fading If the channel possesses a constant-gain and linear phase response over a bandwidth that is smaller than the bandwidth of transmitted signal, then the channel creates frequency selective fading. 4.5.2 Frequency Selective Fading Frequency selective fading is due to time dispersion of the transmitted symbols within the channel---?induces intersymbol interference(ISI) Frequency selective fading channels are much more difficult to model than flat fading channels. Statistic impulse response model 2-ray Rayleigh fading model Computer generated Measured impulse response For frequency selective fading 4.5.2 Frequency Selective Fading 4.5.3 Fading Effects Due to Doppler Spread Fast fading: The channel impulse response changes rapidly within the symbol duration. The coherent time of the channel is smaller than the symbol period of the transmi